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1、2022年考博英语-昆明理工大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题It is rather（ ）that we still do not know how many species there are in the world today.问题1选项A.misleadingB.boringC.embarrassingD.demanding【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项misleading“误导性的”；B选项boring“无聊的，无趣的”；C选项embarrassing“使人尴尬的，令人为难的”；D选项demanding“要求高的，要求极严的”。句中的it为形式主语，that
2、引导主语从句，由“we still do not know how many species there are in the world today（我们仍然不知道今天世界上有多少种物种）”可知C选项符合语境。句意：我们现在还不知道世界上有多少物种，这是相当令人尴尬的。2. 单选题Most states emphasized eradication of violence, particularly domestic violence, as a National（ ）area in national crime prevention strategies.问题1选项A.requiremen
3、tB.dominanceC.prerequisiteD.priority【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项requirement“所需的东西，必要条件”；B选项dominance“支配，控制”；C选项prerequisite“先决条件，前提”；D选项priority“优先事项，首要事情，优先”。由Most states emphasized eradication of violence, particularly domestic violence, as a National _area in national crime prevention strategies.（大多数国家强调消
4、除暴力，特别是家庭暴力，作为国家犯罪预防政策的_领域）可知D选项符合语境。句意：大多数国家强调消除暴力，特别是家庭暴力，作为国家犯罪预防政策的优先领域。3. 单选题（ ）excessive consumption of fried foods has serious consequences as has been proved.问题1选项A.TheoreticallyB.PresumablyC.IncrediblyD.Practically【答案】B【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项theoretically“理论地，理论上”；B选项presumably“据推测，很可能，大概”；C选项incred
5、ibly“极其，难以置信地”；D选项practically“实际上，几乎，差不多”。由as has been proved（如已证实的那样）可知前面的内容应该是一种猜测比较符合逻辑，即证实推测。句意：据推测，过度食用油炸食品会造成严重后果，这已被证实。4. 单选题The prefix Mach is used to describe supersonic speed. It was named for Ernst Mach (1838-1916), a Czech-born Austrian physicist, who contributed to the study of sound. W
6、hen twice the speed of sound, it is Mach 2. When it is near but below the speed of sound, its speed can be designated at less than Mach 1, for example, Mach 0.9. Mach is defined as “the ratio of the velocity of a rocket or a jet to the velocity of sound in the medium being considered.”When a plane p
7、asses the sound barrierflying faster than sound travelslisteners in the area hear thunderclaps, but the pilot of the plane does not hear them.Sound is produced by vibrations of an object and is transmitted by alternate increase and decrease in pressure that radiate outward through a material media o
8、f moleculessomewhat like waves spreading out on a pond after a rock has been tossed into it.The frequency of sound is determined by the number of times the vibrating waves undulate（波动）per second and is measured in cycles per second. The slower the cycle of waves, the lower the frequency. As frequenc
9、ies increase, the sound is higher in pitch.Sound is audible to human beings only if the frequency falls within a certain range. The human ear is usually not sensitive to frequencies of fewer than 20 vibrations per second, or more than about 20,000 vibrations per secondalthough this range varies amon
10、g individuals. Anything at a pitch higher than the human ear can hear is termed ultrasonic.Intensity, or loudness, is the strength of the pressure of these radiating waves and is measured in decibels. The human ear responds to intensity in a range from zero to 120 decibels. Any sound with pressure o
11、ver 120 decibels is painful to the human ear.The speed of sound is generally placed at 1.088 feet per second at sea level at 32 degrees Fahrenheit. It varies in other temperatures and in different media. Sound travels faster in water than in air, and even faster in iron and steel. It travels a mile
12、in 5 seconds in air, it does a mile under water in 1 second, and it travels through iron in 1/3 second. It travels through ice cold vapor at approximately 4,708 feet per second; ice-cold water, 4,938; granite, 12,960; hardwood, 12,620; brick, 11,960; glass, 16,410 to 19,690; silver, 8,658; gold, 5,7
13、17.1.According to this passage, “Mach” refers to（ ）.2.Sound is produced by（ ）.3.Decibel is（ ）.4.Which of the following is a TRUE statement?5.Which of the following can serve as the best title of this passage?问题1选项A.the ratio of the air speed of an aircraft to the speed of soundB.a machineC.a Czech-b
14、orn Australian physicistD.the pilot of the plane问题2选项A.vibrations of an object passing through the airB.spreading of waves after a rock being tossed into a pondC.thundersD.a flying plane问题3选项A.the frequency of radiating wavesB.the pressure of radiating wavesC.the unit for measuring the intensity of
15、soundD.the speed of sound问题4选项A.Sound travels fastest through the hardest thing.B.Sound travels at different speed in different temperatures and in different media.C.Sound travels fastest in hottest temperature.D.Sound travels fastest in coldest temperature.问题5选项A.The Prefix Mach.B.The Speed of Sound.C.The Frequency of Sound.D.The Intensity of Sound.【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.细节判断题。根据题干关键词Mach定位到文章第一段中，由Mach is defined as “the ratio of the velocity of a rocket or
