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1、高中生物学实验教学中学生表现性评价方案研究 论 文 摘 要 高中生物学实验教学是高中生物学课程教学内容的重要组成部分, 是 生物学理论知识的重要载体和教学延续。 实验教学质量的普遍提高在很大程度上受制于实验教学评价的改革 。 表现性评价是测量学习者运用先前所获得的知识解决新异问题或完成特定任 务能力的一系列尝试, 是通过学生完成实际任务的过程来展现学习成就的评价方式, 着力于在学生完成特定任务的外部行为表现中评价学生, 因此表现性评价是 对学生实验活动进行有效 评价的良好选择。 在高中生物学实验教学中, 由于目前尚未建立 比较完善而具体的实验教学表现性评价方案, 所以通过理论和实践研究, 进一
2、步探索适合我国当前教育改革需要和学生实际的科学性、 可行性、 指导性的实验教学表现性评价方案, 有很重要的现实意义。 本课题主要从以下几个方面进行了研究: 首先、 对目前无锡市高中生物学实验教学评价的现状进行了抽样调查, 分析了无锡市区高中现阶段生物学实验教学评价存在的弊端, 并根据江苏省高考方案总体模式和生物课程标准的要求分析了对学生实施表现性评价的必要性。 其次、 本课题进行了表现性评价的相关 理论研究: 主要从建构主义等学习理论中寻求对表现性评价的理论支撑; 具体分析了表现性评价的意义、 特点、 优势和不足; 结合高中生物学实验教学的特点, 阐述了高中生物学实验教学学生表现性评价的含义及
3、独特优势,并提出了在实验教学中实施表现性评价的有效策略。 第三、 本课题从组织计 划阶段、 实施计划阶段 、 处理反馈阶段等三个 方面 对如何构建高中生物学实验教学学生表现性评价方案的具体方法作了理论研究。 第四、本课题重点进行了高中生物学实验教学中表现性评价方案的实证研究:从案例研究出发,针对高中生物学具体的学生实验,选择了三个典型实验 ,在校内同一年级不同班级进行了对照研究, 包括前测、 实验教学表现性评价的案例实证研究、 后测等, 并在专家的指导下分析前期研究成果, 分析归纳数据形成论文, 总结归纳出针对高中生物实验教学中不同类型的具体、 典型、 可操作性的实验表现性评价方案。 通过研究
4、表明: 在实验教学中实施表现性评价, 有助于提高学生生物学习成绩; 有利于学生生物学综合能力的提高; 有助于激发学生实验的兴趣, 有利于培养学生交流合作、 科学态度等学习品质。 本实验所设计的实验表现性评价案例对中学生物实验教学具有一定的参考价值。 同时通过本次课题研究, 笔者也感受到实 验教学中实施表现性评价会遇到许多困难问题, 有待进一步在实践中寻求解决的方法,完善表现性评价方案。 关 键词 : 表现性评价、 高中生物学、实验教学、评价量表 VABSTRACTRESEARCH OF STUDENTS PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT PROGRAM TO HIGH SCHOOL
5、 BIOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL TEACHEING Experimental teaching of high school biology is an important part of high school biology teaching ,which is also the important carrier and continuity of the biological theory and knowledgeTo improve the quality of experimental teaching is highly subject to the reform
6、of the general evaluation of the experimental teaching.Performance assessment is a series of attempts to measure learnersabilities to use previously acquired knowledge to solve novel problems and to accomplish a specific tasks. It is the evaluation method to demonstrate learning achievements through
7、 the process of students completing practical tasks, which focuses on the students completing specific tasks in the evaluation of the external behavior of the students, So performance assessment is an effective evaluation of experimental activities for students a good choiceNow that in high school b
8、iology teaching of experiments, we haven t established a relatively complete and detailed performance assessment in experimental teaching program, so through researching of the theory and practice, to further explore the need for Chinas current education reform and student practice of science, feasi
9、bility, to guide experimental evaluation in performance of teaching program, there is a very important practical significanceThe main subject of the following aspects were studied: Firstly,the author conducted a sample survey to the current evaluation of high school biology experimental teaching sta
10、tus in the Wuxi City, and analyzed the drawbacks of teaching evaluation in the Wuxi City high school biology experiment at this stage. According to college entrance examination program in Jiangsu Province, and the overall pattern and biology curriculum standards of the students, the author shows the
11、 need for the implementation of performance evaluationSecondly, the author carries out theory research on students performance assessment. In this part, the author provides some convincing theories: the supporting theories of performance evaluation including VIconstructivism; the analysis of the cha
12、racteristics, advantages and disadvantages of the performance evaluation; the meaning and unique advantages of performance evaluation and effective strategies combined with the characteristics of teaching high school biology experimentThirdly, planning stages of the project from the organization, im
13、plementation planning stage, and how to handle the three stages of how to build a high school biology in terms of student performance evaluation of experimental teaching program of the specific methods are researched about theoryFourthly, the project focuses on the implementation of teaching in high
14、 school biology in experimental evaluation program of the performance of empirical researching: Starting from the case studies for high school biology students in specific experiments, the author selected three typical experiments, conducted control study in different classes of the same grade, incl
15、uding pre-test, experimental evaluation of teaching in performance of empirical case studies, post-test, etc., and analyzed the preliminary researching under the guidance of expert, analyzed and summarized the data into a thesis, summarized performance assessment in experimental teaching program, it is different types of concrete and typically and operationalExperimental results show that conducting the experimental performance evaluation in experimental teaching can help students improve academic grades in biology; help students improve the comprehensive ability in biology; help to s
