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1、2022年考博英语-江西师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Statuses are marvelous human inventions that enable us to get along with one another and to determine where we “fit” in society. As we go about our everyday lives, we mentally attempt to place people in terms of their statuses. For example, we must judge whethe
2、r the person in the library is a reader or a librarian, whether the telephone caller is a friend or a salesman, whether the unfamiliar person on our property is a thief or a meter reader, and so on.The statuses we assume often vary with the people we encounter and change throughout life. Most of us
3、can, at very high speed, assume the statuses that various situations require. Much of social interaction consists of identifying and selecting among appropriate statuses and allowing other people to assume their statuses in relation to us. This means that we fit our actions to those of other people
4、based on a constant mental process of appraisal and interpretation. Although some of us find the task more difficult than others, most of us perform it rather effortlessly.A status has been compared to ready-made clothes. Within certain limits the buyer choose style and fabric. But an American is no
5、t free to choose the costume of a Chinese peasant or that of a Hindu prince. We must choose from among the clothing presented by fit, as well as by our pocketbook. Having made a choice from minor adjustments, we tend to be limited to what the stores choice among them is limited.41. In the first para
6、graph, the writer tells us that statuses can help us _.42. According to the writer, people often assume different statuses _.43. The word “appraisal” most probably means _.44. According to the last sentence of the second paragraph, the pronoun “it” refers to “_”.45. By saying that “an American is no
7、t free to choose the costume of a Chinese peasant or that of a Hindu prince”, the writer means _.问题1选项A.determine whether a person is fit for a certain jobB.behave appropriately in relation to other peopleC.protect ourselves in unfamiliar situationsD.make friends with other people问题2选项A.in order to
8、identify themselves with othersB.in order to better identify othersC.as their mental processes changeD.as the situation changes问题3选项A.involvementB.appreciationC.assessmentD.presentation问题4选项A.fitting our actions to those of other people appropriatelyB.identification of other peoples statusesC.select
9、ing ones own statusesD.constant mental process问题5选项A.different people have different styles of clothesB.ready-made clothes may need alterationsC.statuses come ready made just like clothesD.our choice of statuses is limited【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D【解析】41.【选项释义】41. In the first paragraph, the writ
10、er tells us that statuses can help us _. 41. 在第一段，作者告诉我们，身份可以帮助我们_。A. determine whether a person is fit for a certain job A. 确定一个人是否适合某一份工作B. behave appropriately in relation to other people B. 在与他人的关系中举止得体C. protect ourselves in unfamiliar situations C. 在不熟悉的情况下保护自己D. make friends with other people
11、 D. 与他人交朋友【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至第一段，第一段的段意是：身份是人类奇妙的发明，它使我们能够彼此相处（get along with one another），帮助人们确定在社会中所“适合”的位置。日常生活中，我们头脑里经常根据别人的身份试着判断别人。例如，我们必须判断图书馆的这个人是读者，还是图书馆管理人员，打来电话的人是朋友还是推销商。登门拜访的不速之客是小偷还是抄表工等等。从中我们可以看出，身份可以帮助我们做出判断，无论是对自己还是对他人的身份，所以身份可以帮助我们在与人交往中做出恰当的行为。B项符合题意。【干扰项排除】A选项“确定一个人是否适合某一份工作
12、”是确定身份，而不是适合的工作，属于曲解原文；C选项“在不熟悉的情况下保护自己”没提到，无中生有；D选项“与他人交朋友”并不全面，以偏概全。42.【选项释义】42. According to the writer, people often assume different statuses _. 42. 根据作者的观点，人们通常会假设不同的身份，_。A. in order to identify themselves with others A. 以与他人认同B. in order to better identify others B. 为了更好地识别他人C. as their menta
13、l processes change C. 随着心理过程的变化D. as the situation changes D. 随着情形的变化【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第二段第一句“我们所假定的身份常常随着我们遇到的人的不同而变化，并且在一生中不断变化”，综合理解可推断，我们的身份是随着情形场合的变化而有所不同，所以D项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“以与他人认同”没提到，无中生有；B选项“为了更好地识别他人”中的others应该改为status，该项曲解原文；C选项“随着心理过程的变化”是“我们的行为符合他人的行为”的基准，与题干无关，张冠李戴。43.【选项释义】43. The word
14、 “appraisal” most probably means _. 43. appraisal这个词的意思很可能是_。A. involvement A. 参与B. appreciation B. 欣赏C. assessment C. 评估D. presentation D. 展示【考查点】词义推测题。【解题思路】根据appraisal定位至第二段倒数第二句“这意味着，我们的行为符合他人的行为，这是基于一个持续的appraisal和解释的心理过程”，从a constant mental process（一个持续的心理过程）可推测，这里涉及到一个动脑的过程，而在做出interpretation
15、（解释，阐述）之前自然需要评价或鉴定的环节，所以选择项assessment应该是最为接近的词义，C项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“参与”、B选项“欣赏”、D选项“展示”曲解原文。44.【选项释义】44. According to the last sentence of the second paragraph, the pronoun “it” refers to “_”. 44. 根据第二段最后一句，代词“it”指的是“_”。A. fitting our actions to those of other people appropriately A. 使我们的行为与他人的行为相适应B. identification of other peoples statuses B. 对他人身份的认同C. selecting ones own statuses C. 选择自己的身份D. constant mental process D. 持续的心理过程【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至第二段最后一句“尽管有些人觉得这个任务（task）比其他人更难，但大多数人都毫不费力
