《翻译三级笔译实务模拟16》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《翻译三级笔译实务模拟16（6页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、模拟翻译三级笔译实务模拟16Section I English Chinese Translation Translate the following two passages into Chinese .第1题：The importance of agriculture cannot be overstated. More than 50 percent of the worlds labor force is employed in agriculture. The distribution in the early 1980s ranged from 67 percent of thos
2、e employed in Africa to less than 5 percent in North America. In Western Europe, the figure was about 16 percent; in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union, about 32 percent; and in Asia, about 68 percent.Farm size varies widely from region to region. Recently the average for Canadian farms was about 1
3、86 ha (about 460 acres) per farm, and for U.S. farms, about 175 ha (about 432 acres). The average size of a single landholding in the Philippines, however, may be somewhat less than 3.6 ha (less than 9 acres), and in Indonesia, a little less than 1.2 ha (less than 3 acres).Size also depends on the p
4、urpose of the farm. Commercial fanning, or production for cash, is usually done on large holdings. The plantations of Latin America are large, privately owned estates worked by tenant labor. Single-crop plantations produce tea, robber, cocoa. Wheat farms are most efficient when they comprise some th
5、ousands of hectares and can be worked by teams of people and machines. Australian sheep stations and other livestock farms must be large to provide grazing for thousands of animals.Individual subsistence farms or small-family mixed-farm operations are decreasing in number in developed countries but
6、are still numerous in the developing countries of Africa and Asia. A back-to-theTand movement in the U.S. reversed the decline of small farms in New England and Alaska in the decade from 1970 to 1980.The conditions that determine what will be raised in an area include climate, water supply, and terr
7、ain.Over the 10,000 years since agriculture began to be developed, peoples everywhere have discovered the food value of wild plants and animals and domesticated and bred them. The most important are cereals such as wheat, rice, barley, com and rye.Agricultural income is also derived from non-food cr
8、ops such as robber, fiber plants, tobacco, and oilseeds used in synthetic chemical compounds. Money is also derived from raising animals for pelt.Much of the foreign exchange earned by a country may be derived from a single commodity; for example. Sri Lanka depends on tea. Denmark specializes in dai
9、ry products. Australia in wool. and New Zealand and Argentina in meat products. In the U.S., wheat has become a major foreign exchange commodity in recent years.The importance of an individual country as an exporter of agricultural products depends on many variables. Among them is the possibility th
10、at the country is too little developed industrially to produce manufactured goods in sufficient quantity or technical sophistication. Such agricultural exporters include Ghana with cocoa, and Myanmar with rice. On the other hand. an excep-tionally well- developed country may produce surpluses not ne
11、eded by its own population; this has been true of the U.S., Canada, and some of the West European countries. 参考答案：农业的重要性怎样强调都不为过。世界百分之五十以上的劳动力从事农业。 二十世纪八十年代初，农业劳动力的比例在非洲高达百分之六十七，在北美洲则 不足百分之五，在西欧约为百分之十六，在东欧和苏联约为百分之三十二，在亚 洲则约为百分之六十八。农场规模因地而异，差别很大。直到最近，加拿大农场的规模平均约为186公顷（约合460英亩），美国农场的规模约为175公顷 （约合432英亩
12、）。但在菲律宾，私人农场的规模平均略少于3.6公顷（不足9英 亩），在印度尼西亚则略少于1.2公顷（不足3英亩）。农场的规模还取决于其用途。大农场通常从事商业耕种，或者说为赚钱而生产。拉丁美洲的大庄园就 是大片的私有土地，雇人劳动。单一作物的种植园生产茶叶、橡胶或可可。生产 小麦的农场最有效益。它们拥有几千公顷土地，雇佣一群群工人，并使用机器。 澳大利亚牧羊场和其它畜牧场的规模一定要大到足以能为成千的牲畜提供充足 的饲料。零散的维持生计的个体农场，或者说混合经营的小规模家庭农场，在发达国家已日渐减少，但在非洲和亚洲的发展中国家里仍大量存在。美国的“返 回田地”运动扭转了 1970至1980这十
13、年间新英格兰和阿拉斯加小农场衰败的局 面。一个地区究竟生产什么取决于它的气候、供水、地形和其它条件。自有农业以来的一万多年中，各地的人们发现了野生动植物的食用价值，于是将其 加以驯化或栽培，最重要的是谷物，如小麦、稻子、大麦、玉米和黑麦。 农 业收入还来自非粮食作物，如橡胶、纤维植物、烟草以及可用于生产化学合成品 的油料作物。此外，还可通过饲养动物取其皮毛而获利。一个国家赚取的外汇，很大一部分可能来自某种单一的商品。例如，斯里兰卡依靠茶叶，丹麦专门 经营奶制品，澳大利亚出口羊毛，新西兰和阿根廷则出口肉类制品。在美国，近 年来小麦已成为其赚取外汇的主要商品。一个国家是否以出口农产品为主取决于许多
14、可变因素。其中一个因素就是这个国家的工业可能很不发达，无法生 产足够数量和技术先进的工业品。这类农产品出口国包括加纳，出口可可，还有 缅甸，出口大米。另一方面，特别发达的国家可能生产过剩，大于本国人的需求， 美国、加拿大和一部分西欧国家就是这种情况。详细解答:采分点解析1. More than 50 percent of the worlds labor forceis employed in agriculture.世界百分之五十以上的劳动力从事农业。 分析理解结构采分点。本句采用转态译法，句中的被动语态is employed在翻译过程中要根据汉语习惯译为主动，译成“从事”。2.The di
15、stributionin the early 1980s ranged from 67 percent of those employed in Africa to less than 5 percent in North America. In Western Europe, the figure was about 16 percent; in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union, about 32 percent; and in Asia, about 68 percent.二十世纪八十年代初，农业劳动力 的比例在非洲高达百分之六十七，在北美洲则不足百
16、分之五，在西欧约为百分之 十六，在东欧和苏联约为百分之三十二，在亚洲则约为百分之六十八。分析用词选词采分点和理解结构采分点。distribution 分布，分类”在此应根据上下文译成：（农业劳动力的）比例。本句在英晤中是两个句子；但在汉 语中因表达的均是农业劳动力在各地的比例，就用一个句子来表达，使得文章更 简洁，内容更紧凑。3. Farm size农场规模分析用词选词采分点/基本素质采分点。size在此不宜译成“大小”，和farm连用译成“农场规模”更为恰当。本文还有其他一些表达“农场”及相关的用法，有些属固定词组，须注意。（the average size of） a single lend holding 私人农场（的平均规模）plantations种植园，大庄园single-cropplantations单一作物的种植园sheep stations牧羊场 otherlivestock
