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1、1、 The market leader is frequently able to lead other firms in the introduction of new products, in price changes, in the level or intensity of promotions, and so on.市场领导者在引进新产品、调整价格、促销活动等方面能够领导其它企业。2、 Contrary to a common belief, wholly dominating a market, or having a monopoly, is seldom an advant
2、age: competitors expand markets and find new uses and users for products, which enriches everyone in the field, but the market leader more than its competitors. 和普遍看法相反，完全控制市场，或者垄断，很难有优势：竞争者扩大市场，寻找产品的新用途和客户，从而使这个领域的人富有，但是市场领导者比竞争者得到更多。3、 In the car hire business, the challenger actually advertises t
3、his fact: for many years Avis used the slogan Were number two. We try harder. 在汽车市场，竞争者登广告的真相是：阿维斯多年来一直用这个标语“我们是第二，我们一直很努力。4、 Although small companies are generally flexible, and can quickly respond to market conditions, their narrow range of customers causes problematic fluctuations in turnover and
4、 profit. 尽管一些小公司很灵活，能够迅速对市场情况做出反响，他们有限的范围内的客户们导致翻覆波动和利润的不确定。5、 Although the market could understand data concerning companies earnings, it was highly inefficient in valuing assets, including land, buildings and pension funds. 尽管市场能够得悉企业收入的资料，对价值资产的利用效率非常低，包括土地，建筑和养老基金。6、 The ideal targets for such b
5、uyouts were companies with huge cash reserves that enabled the buyer to pay the interest on the debt, or companies with successful subsidiaries that could be sold to repay the principal, or companies in fields that are not sensitive to a recession such as food and tobacco. 收购的理想目标公司是，公司有巨大的现金储藏，使买方能
6、够支付利息的债务,或公司能够出售取得了巨大的成功的子公司来归还本金,或公司在食品和烟草领域不会因为受挫而导致衰退。7、 He created a huge and liquid market of up to 300 billion dollars for junk bonds.他为“垃圾债券创造了一个巨大的、流动的、价值3000多亿的市场。8、 Fat or lazy companies that fail to do this will be taken over by raiders who will use assets more efficiently, cut costs, and
7、 increase shareholder value.臃肿的公司无法做到这些就会被侵入者取代，这些侵入者能更有效率地利用资产、降低本钱、增加股东收益。9、 Of course, pure free market theorists disapprove of welfare capitalism, and all actions inspired by social responsibility rather than the attempt to maximize profits.当然，完全自由市场经济学家不支持福利资本主义，所有的行动都是出于社会责任感，而不是为了使利益最大化。10、 A
8、ccording to this approach business managers have responsibilities to all the groups of people with a stake in or an interest in or a claim on the firm.通过这个方法，企业管理者应该对支持他的、有利益相关的、或权益要求的人负责。11、 Proponents of floating exchange rates, such as Milton Friedman, argued that currencies would automatically e
9、stablish stable exchange rates which would reflect economic realities more precisely than calculation by central bank officials.支持浮动汇率的人，如弥尔顿弗雷德曼，认为货币自动地形成固定汇率比中央银行职员计算出来的汇率更能真实地反映经济情况。12、 This has led to the current situation in which 95% of the worlds currency transactions are unrelated to transac
10、tions in goods but are purely speculative.这就导致在世界上95%的货币交易情形中，都和商品没有关系，只是纯粹的投机。13、 The majority of economists believe in the comparative cost principle, which proposes that all nations will raise their living standards and real income if they specialize in the production of those goods and services
11、in which they have the highest relative productivity.大局部经济学家相信比拟本钱原那么，建议所有的国家提高人们的生活水平和收入，如果他们在他们专门从事的产品生产和效劳方面有较高的生产率的话。14、Democratic governments do, which often encourages them to impose tariffs and quotas in order to protect what they see as strategic industries - notably agriculture - without wh
12、ich the country would be in danger if there was a war, as well as other jobs.为了保护战略产业，尤其是农业，民主政府经常鼓励他们增加关税和配额，如果没有这个而又发生战争，国家将处于危机中，其它工作也一样。15、 With tariffs, it is impossible to know the quantity that will be imported, because prices might be elastic. With quotas, governments can set a limit to impo
13、rts.由于关税的存在，不可能知道进口商品的数量，因为价格是波动的。通过配额，政府可以限制进口。actively carry out the law on civil air defense education, drawn out of the air defense in Pingliang city Building under easy fare, daily special inspection and regulation, overfulfilled the province upper and lower knots of up to 500,000 yuan fee collection tasks. 5, further standardize internal management, improve staff quality. Adhere to the
