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1、周礼论文：周礼中赦免制度研究【中文摘要】赦免制度产生于中国文明肇始期一- -先秦 ,作为中 国古代法律之重要组成部分，受到历代学者重视。尤其是国家政治实 践中是否应该实行赦免，自先秦诸子而降就聚讼不已。相关问题的探 讨,不惟可促进先秦赦免制度本原面貌的研究，亦可加深中国古代赦 免制度源流的认识，具有重要的学术价值。周礼是成书于东周时期 的重要典籍，其内容多涉先秦赦免制度。由于学者对周礼一书史 料价值存有疑议。本文以周礼一书的文本分析、周礼与其他商周典籍的文本比较、传世与出土文献的多重互证等方法 ，试对周 礼所记赦免制度进行研究。此外,本文还借用了现代法律概念，对周 礼中反映的赦免制度进行法理分
2、析，以了解周礼中赦免制度的 组织体系、赦免的对象、类型、特点。全文分为四部分。第一部分对 学术史进行梳理，最后界定了周礼中赦免的定义；第二部分介绍周 礼中赦免制度的组织体系与赦免对象。周礼中规定赦免制度的 最高赦免权来源于周王，并有一套系统的赦免组织体系。乡士、遂士、 县士审理案件后，将案件的要辞交与大司寇定夺，此后交给王了解案 情,符合赦免条件者，最后由王来决定赦免；第三部分介绍赦免制度的 主要类型。本文主要将周礼中的赦免制度分为总则性赦免和补充 性赦免两大类。总则性赦免为法律上司法审理过程中的适用原则，具体针对犯罪的特定情节使用，如犯罪人符合老、幼、蠢愚之条件，为“八 议”中规定之类型，或
3、案件审理过程中发现存在疑议，就要减免刑罚。补充性的赦免是案件审理后，对已经定罪之人实行的赦免等；第四部 分归纳了周礼中赦免制度的主要特点。周礼中的赦免制度主 要以减刑为主，体现了恤刑、慎罚，王权至上等思想，反映了东周社会 的过渡性特征。通过周礼赦免制度这一个案研究表明 ，中华法系 自法源阶段就蕴寓公权至上等诸多特质，从而有别于欧美法系而自成 一系。总之，周礼中的赦免制度已经形成了系统的赦免体系，亦可 与先秦其他典籍相互印证，表明周礼一书虽存在作者理想建构色 彩,但其编纂成书理应具有相当历史依据。希望通过本文的写作能够 引起学者的进一步研究、探讨。【英文摘要】 Pard on system or
4、igi nated from the Chin ese civilization Pre -Qin period, as an important part of the law in ancient attention by the successive. Especially the national political practice, whether should execute Pard on system triggered a con troversy by Zhu-Zi. Releva nt questi on discussi on, highly can promote
5、the Pre -Qin period absolve system orig in face, also for deepe n study of an cie nt Chin ese Pardon system origin of understanding,has important academicvalue.Zhou-Li is an importa nt book of Dong zhou, its content more wade Pard on system. because scholars un feasibility, the author through text a
6、n alysis, multiple comparis on method evidence act and the text to the Zhou-Li in the pardon system study, and use the con cept of moder n to an alysis the Zhou-Li s pardon system.This article I will divide into four parts. The first part I will sort out the history of academic, fin ally,by defining
7、 the definition of pardon system. The second part, in troduce the set up of pard on system .In Zhou-Li, Zhou king provide the highest prerogative of pardon system, and have its orga ni zati on al.“ Xian gShi ”, “ SuiShi ”, “ Xia nShi ”，after heari ngthe case and handing to DaSikou, then handing to k
8、ing, king decide to pard on. The third part, describes the main types of pard on system. Zhou-Li in the pard on system is divided into gen eral prin ciples of amn esty and pard on they are two complementary types. General principlesare law applicable tojudicial proceedings in one of the principles,
9、the special circumstances of crime to use a particular. If the offender is comply with old, young, stupid of the con diti ons of, is the“ Eight discussions ” of the types, or during the trial is found Y ee, must commute pen alty. The fourth part, summary the mai n features of pardon system. The pard
10、on system in Zhou-Li mainly is the shirt puni shme nt, such a thi nking of royal autocracy, with certa in tran siti on al.through this case study, the Chin eselegal system si nee source stage Male right supremacy and so on many traits, thus separated a differe nt from Europe andAmerican law department.In a word, Zhou-Li is in the pardon
