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1、Abrahamism？ the monotheistic Abrahamic religions, considered collectively.Agnosticism1.The view that absolute truth or ultimate certainty is unattainable, especially regarding knowledge not based on experience or perceivable phenomena.2.The view that the existence of God or of all deities is unknown
2、, unknowable, unproven, or unprovable.3.Doubt, uncertainty, or scepticism regarding the existence of a god or gods.4.(by extension) Doubt, uncertainty, or scepticism regarding any subject of dispute. Atomism1.(philosophy) The ancient Greek theory that all matter is composed of very small indestructi
3、ble and indivisible particles.2.(philosophy) The doctrine that society arises from individuals and that larger structures are unimportant.BuddhismThe religion and philosophy founded by the Nepalese teacher Gautama Buddha.Communism1The ideology of political parties that use the term Communist in thei
4、r names, usually Marxist and Leninist.2The socio-economic system based on such parties ideologies.3(US, informal) A state of affairs perceived as oppressive, overly arbitrary, or totalitarian. CartesianismCartesianism is the name given to the philosophical doctrine (or school) of Ren Descartes.Carte
5、sians view the mind as being wholly separate from the corporeal body.In general, Cartesian thought divides the world into three areas of existence:that inhabited by the physical body (matter),that inhabited by the mind, andthat inhabited by God.ConservatismConservatism as a political and social phil
6、osophy promotes retaining traditional social institutions in the context of the culture and civilization. Some conservatives seek to preserve things as they are, emphasizing stability and continuity, while others, called reactionaries, oppose modernism and seek a return to the way things were.”Cosmo
7、politanismCosmopolitanism is the ideology that all human ethnic groups belong to a single community based on a shared morality. A person who adheres to the idea of cosmopolitanism in any of its forms is called a cosmopolitan or cosmopolite.Creationism Creationism is the belief that the Universe and
8、Life originate from specific acts of divine creation.CatholicismCatholicism is used as a broad term for describing specific traditions in the Christian churches in theology, doctrine, liturgy, ethics, and spirituality.DarwinismDarwinism is a theory of biological evolution developed by Charles Darwin
9、 and others, stating that all species of organisms arise and develop through the natural selection of small, inherited variations that increase the individuals ability to compete, survive, and reproduce.Dialectic Dialectic (also dialectics and the dialectical method), from Ancient Greek , is a metho
10、d of argument for resolving disagreement that has been central to European and Indian philosophy since antiquity.DualismDualism (from the Latin word duo meaning two)1 denotes the state of two parts. The term dualism was originally coined to denote co-eternal binary opposition, a meaning that is pres
11、erved in metaphysical and philosophical duality discourse but has been more generalized in other usages to indicate a system which contains two essential parts.Dogmatism？DeconstructionDeconstruction (French: dconstruction) is a form of philosophical and literary analysis derived principally from Jac
12、ques Derridas 1967 work Of Grammatology.ExistentialismExistentialism is a term applied to the work of certain late 19th- and 20th-century philosophers who, despite profound doctrinal differences,234 shared the belief that philosophical thinking begins with the human subjectnot merely the thinking su
13、bject, but the acting, feeling, living human individual.EnvironmentalismEnvironmentalism is a broad philosophy, ideology and social movement regarding concerns for environmental protection and improvement of the health of the environment, particularly as the measure for this health seeks to incorpor
14、ate the concerns of non-human elements.EgoismEthical egoism is the normative ethical position that moral agents ought to do what is in their own self-interest. It differs from psychological egoism, which claims that people can only act in their self-interest. Ethical egoism also differs from rationa
15、l egoism, which holds that it is rational to act in ones self-interest.EgotismEgotism is the drive to maintain and enhance favorable views of oneself, and generally features an inflated opinion of ones personal features and importance. It often includes intellectual, physical, social and other over
16、estimations.ExpressionismExpressionism was a modernist movement, initially in poetry and painting, originating in Germany at the beginning of the 20th century. EpicureanismEpicureanism is a system of philosophy based upon the teachings of the ancient Greek philosopher Epicurus, founded around 307 BC. Epicurus was an atomic materialist, fol
