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1、2022年考博英语-上海交通大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Her written English was wonderful, and she had a( n) （ ） vocabulary for a freshman.问题1选项A.credulousB.incredulousC.credibleD.incredible【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。 credulous轻信的,易受骗的; incredulous怀疑的,不轻信的; credible可信的,可靠的; incredible不可思议的,难以置信的。句意：她的书面英语非常棒, 而且对于一个大一新生来说, 她的
2、词汇量惊人。选项D符合句意。2. 单选题To maintain a leading position in the market, companies have to develop products which are cheaper, more（ ） and more reliable than those of their competitors.问题1选项A.innovativeB.commensurateC.enlighteningD.legitimate【答案】A【解析】形容词辨析题。innovative创新的，革新的；commensurate相称的，同量的；enlightenin
3、g富有启发的；legitimate合法的，合理的，正当的。句意：为了在市场上保持领先地位，公司必须开发出比竞争对手更便宜、更创新、更可靠的产品。选项A符合句意。3. 单选题Mrs. Thompson gave us a （ ） account of what had happened;thats why we no longer believe in the sincerity of her utterance.问题1选项A.curvedB.distortedC.twistedD.tangled【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析题。curved弯曲的;distorted 歪曲的;曲解的,常指叙述事实
4、的歪曲;twisted 扭曲的,常指物体的变形或者心理变态 ;tangled缠结的,复杂的。句意：Thompson夫人歪曲了所发生事情的事实，这就是我们不再相信她说的话的原因。选项B符合句意。4. 单选题Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged? Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick II in the thirteenth centur
5、y, it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent.All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the fi
6、rst year of life especially, the capacity to survive is seriously affected.Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant, whose b
7、rain is programmed to learn language rapidly. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and the language might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at the right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical s
8、tage has passed.Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be a high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds, at twelve months he can speak si
9、mple words and understand simple commands, at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about 1000 words which he can put into sentences, and at four he knows his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar.Recent evidence suggests that
10、 an infant is born with the capacity of speaking. What is special about mans brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a toy-bear with the sound pattern toy-bear. And even more incredible is the young brains ability to
11、 pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyze, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways.But speech has to be induced, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the signals in the childs babbling
12、, grasping and smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dull the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the childs non-verbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language.1.What is the
13、 purpose of the drastic experiment of Frederick II in the thirteenth century?2.Today some children are backward in speaking because （ ） .3.If a child starts to speak later than other normal children, he will （ ） in the future.4.Compared with the brain of the monkey, humans brain is a complex system
14、which enables a child （ ） .5.Which of the following can NOT be inferred from the passage?问题1选项A.To prove that a baby couldnt live without his mother.B.To discover what language a child would speak without hearing any human speech.C.To find out what role careful nursing would play in teaching a child
15、 to speak.D.To prove that a child would be damaged without learning a language.问题2选项A.they are incapable of learning language rapidly.B.they are faced with so much language at once.C.their mothers respond inadequately to their attempts to speak.D.their brain is not programmed to learn language rapidly.问题3选项A.have a high IQB.be insensitive to verbal signalsC.be less intelligentD.not necessarily be backward问题4选项A.to be born with the capacity of singing.B.to sec things more clearly than animalsC.to conn
