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1、名词性从句复合句包括两个或两个以上的主谓结构， 其中一个是主句， 另一个是从句 （即在整个句 子中作句子的一个成分，不能独立） 。按照从句在句中的功能，可分为名词性从句、定语从 句和状语从句。 名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。因为这四种 从句在整个句子中所起的作用相当于一个名词， 因此统称为名词性从句。 名词性从句需由连 接词引导，连接词主要有三类：从属连词、连接代词和连接副词。从属连词只起连接作用； 连接代词和连接副词既起连接作用， 又在从句中充当某一个成分。 另外， 名词性从句要用陈 述语序。考点一、主语从句常引导主语从句的连接词有从属连词：that， whethe
2、r/if ；连接代词： what, who, whom,which, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever; 连接副词： when, where, why, how 等。1. that 引导的主语从句that 只起连接作用，无词义，在从句中不作成分，一般不能省略。2. whether/if 引导的主语从句whether 引导的主语从句既可放在句首也可放在句尾，但 if 引导的主语从句只能放在句 尾，前面需用 it 作形式主语。 whether/if 只起连接作用，译成“是否” ，在从句中不作成分。3. wh-类连接词引导的主语从句wh-类连
3、接词除起连接作用外，还在从句中作成分。 连接代词主要作主语、 宾语、表语、定语等；连接副词在从句中作状语。4. It + 谓语+ 主语从句 有时主语从句放在句首，句子显得笨重，常把主语从句移到句末，用it 作形式主语。常用的句型有以下四种：（ 1） It+ 系动词 +形容词 +that/wh- 从句 常用于这种句型的形容词有： good, important, likely, unlikely, possible, clear, necessary, true, wrong, natural, strange 。2）It + 系动词 +名词 +that/wh- 从句常用于这种句型的名词有：a
4、fact, a good idea, an honor, a mystery, a question, a pity, a shame, apleasure, no wonder, common knowledge 。3）It + 系动词 +过去分词 +that/wh- 从句常用于这种句型的分词有：known, proved, said, reported, decided, suggested, advised, ordered,remembered, thought, considered, well known, hoped, turned out, pointed out 。（ 4）
5、It+ 不及物动词 +that/wh- 从句常用于这种句型的动词有：appear （似乎；好像），happen, occur,（发生；想起来）seem （看起来似乎；好像） 。注意 ：以上四种句型中前三种在表示建议、要求、命令、愿望、责任、义务时，从句谓语动词常用“ should+动词原形”，should可以省略，翻译成“应该”，如表示的是过去的 动作，要用“ should+have+过去分词”形式。如果表示对现在事物的惊奇、遗憾、惋惜时也 常用“ should+动词原形”，should可以省略，翻译成“竟然；居然” 。5. 主语从句应注意的几个问题（1） that 引导的主语从句既可放在句首
6、，也可放在句尾，但在下列情况下that 从句不可提前。 在 It is said/reported/believed/hoped that 的结构中。含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时。 在lt+不及物动词+that的结构中。2）下面这种情况常用it 作形式主语。在 It doesn tmatter+what/whether/if/how 结构中。（3）由 what 引导的主语从句谓语动词单复数问题what 引导的主语从句一般按单数对待，但是，在实际使用中究竟按单数还是按复数对待取 决于其成分的含义。主语从句分段练习题1. fashion differs from country to countr
7、y may reflect the cultural differencesfrom one aspect.A. What B. That C. This D. Which2. the 29th Olympic Games were held in Beijing is known.A. /B. Whenever C. What D. That3. This painting is splendid, but we actually need it is a different matter.A. that B. whatC. whether D. how4. his dream of goi
8、ng to college will come true is uncertain.A. That B. Whether C. IfD. Even if5. was most important to her, she told me, was her family.A. ItB. ThisC. What D. As6. matters most in learning English is enough practice.A. What B. Why C. Where D. Which7. wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.A
9、. AnyoneB. The oneC. WhoeverD. Who8. It is none of your business other people think about you. Believe yourself.A. howB. whatC. whichD. when9. seemed obvious to everyone present at the meeting Tom was worried.A. That; that B. It; that C. That; what D. It; what10. It is a shame we lost that expensive
10、 car.A. that B. when C. as D. if11. The Foreign Ministry said, “ our hope that the two sides will work towardspeace”.A. This isB. There isC. That isD. It is12. It is your own fault you are so tired. You oughtnt to have stayed up so late.A. when B. howC. whereD. why13. It is known one and one makes t
11、wo is correct.A. that that B. that whatC. that whyD. that all14. in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of youre-mail account.A. What is requiredB. What requiresC. It is required D. It requires15. It suddenly to me that we can ask our neighbors to help us.A. thoughtB.
12、consideredC. cameD. occurred16. It is a pity that he so careless.A. wasB. will beC. should be D. can be17. It is necessary that he the college entrance examination.A. should attendB. will attendC. must attendD. had to attend18. has been announced that we shall have our final exam next month.A. AsB.
13、ItC. What D. That19. Does remain to be seen it will do us harm or good?A. that; thatB. this; whetherC. it; whetherD. it; that20. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter it was?A. where B. what C. how D. which21. What we need good textbooks.A. is B. areC. haveD. has22. What you said the
14、 matter we are discussing.A. have something to do atB. has something to do withC. had something to do withD. has been something to do with考点二、宾语从句在句子中起宾语作用的从句称作宾语从句。 引导宾语从句的连接词与引导主语从句的接 接词大体一样，用法也一样，宾语从句可分为四类：动词的宾语从句，介词的宾语从句，非 谓语动词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。1. 动词的宾语从句（1）that 引导的宾语从句 that常用来引导宾语从句，在口语和非正式文体中that
15、常省去。Richard hopes （that） the teacher wont ask him a question.I believe （that） you are telling the truth. 在 ask, suggest, demand, desire, insist, order, command, propose, recommend, require 等表示要求、愿望、命令、建议等意义的动词之后，that从句中常用“（should）+动词原形”这种虚拟语气形式来表达。 当主句谓语动词为 feel, see, believe, expect, imagine, suppose, think 等表示“认为”、“猜 想”、“估计”的意思时，其后的宾语从句如果带否定意义，通常应将否定词“not”前置于主句谓语上。补充：在一些否定句中，表面上看是否定了一个句子成分，但实际上却否定了另外的成分， 即所谓的“否定的转移”现象。 如果宾语从句后跟有补语，常用it作形式宾语，而将从句放到补语之后。 在口语和非正式文体中，引导宾语从句的that常
