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1、不定式被动态的用法不定式与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系时（其逻辑主语是不定式动 作的承受者），要用不定式的被动式。二、动词不定式的被动语态有两种形式：1）一般式（not/never ） to be done（其动作与谓语动词 的动作 同时发牛或在其后发牛）2）完成式（not/never） to have been done （表示不定式动作发牛在谓 语动词之前）e.g. He ordered the bridge to be built within the month.他命令在月内建成这座 桥。（一般被动式）She was glad to have been given so much help
2、.得到如此多的帮助，她很高 兴。（完成被动式） 通常在believe, suppose, say, repoi谱动词构成的句子中可以进行主动语态到被动语态以及被动语态和动词不定式的转换。如：They say that Mike is sick in bed, 一 It is said that Mike is sick in bed.一Mike is said to be sick in bed.根据上面的例子仿写下面的句子：People believe that he was killed.三、不定式的被动形式有下列用法： 作主语（常用it做形式主语）It is an honor for m
3、e to be asked to speak here. 作宾语（动词 + to be done/to have been done）She asked to be sent to work in Xinjiang. 构成复合宾语(宾语补足语)：有些及物动词接了宾语之后需要接宾语 补足语补充说明宾语的有关情况，否则句子意思不完整。-主语+ 及物动词谚语谚补(食合宾语)He wanted the letter to be typed at once. 构成复合谓语：某些动词+to be done/to have been done。这些动词包 括：表示说话及心理状态的动词有：say? repor
4、t? believe? suppose? think? know. consider+ to be done/t。have been done 作定语(放在名词或代词之后)：中心词是不定式的承受者。不定式的 动词应该是及物动词(及物动词时不带宾语)或者相当于及物动词的 短语(不及物动词+介词词)：作定语通常修饰the first/the last/the third 等。This is the last question to be discussed.作状语：She was too young to be assigned such work.总结：不定式有时还可以有完成式的被动式，在句中作
5、主语、宾语、定语，或 者构成复合宾语、复合谓语等。请判断下列句子中不定式的被动态作什么 成分。It is a good thing for him to have been criticized. ()She preferred to have been given heavier work to do. ()He thought it an honor to have been invited to the party. ()The book is said to have been translated into many languages. ()She was the first wo
6、man to have been elected to such a post. ()三、不定式的主动形式表示被动意义1. 在 there be 结构中(There +be +n. + to do)。用主动式作定语？ 重点在人.用被动式作宗语.重点在物.例如：There is a lot of homework to do/to be done. There is no time to lose (to be lost).2. 在“n+ be + adj + to do”结构中。常用的形容词有easy? difficulty hard? impossible? nice? pleasan，li
7、gh，heavy?地 interesting, important expensive? cheap。dangerous 等。如: He is hard to convince. He is an impossible person to work with.2. 在tooto do: enough.to结构中。(n, + be+ too+ adj, +to do /n.+ be +adj. +enoii曾h to do)如：The passage is too hard to translate.The problem is too difficult (for us) to work ou
8、t/(to be worked out).The house is big enough (for us) to live in./to be lived in.4. 在“ with+n+to do,结构中。不定式表示的动作将要发牛，且句子的主语 是该动作的谬辑主语。例如：With nothing to do, he lay in bed. With so many exercises to do, I cant go to the cinema.5. 当不定式隐含在for sb to do结构中时。例如： This is the best book to read (=for us / yo
9、u to read).The important thing to do is to lock the door when we leave the house.6. rent .blame let等动词常用不宗式的主动形式表示被动含义The house is to let. I felt 1 was to blame.7. 不定式做定语，和所修饰的名词之间构成动宾关系,又和逻辑主语构成 主谓关系时,不定式要用主动形式表示被动含义。have (give, show) sth. to doLhave a lot of things to do this afternoon. He has a l
10、ot of homework to do.I have a letter to type today, so I cant go shopping with you. (I 是 to type 的逻辑主语）I have a letter to be posted, can you help me?Do you have any clothes to wash? Do you have any clothes to be washed? 主谓关系：主语发出谓语这个动作。动宾关系：谓语所表示的动作被宾语所承受。8. 在疑问词what/which/whoubPI定式结构中，主动表被动eg. I do
11、nt know which to choose. He asked me what to do.9. 在 need, require, want ；. worth （adj） 后的动名词可以主动表被动 湘当 于动词不宗式的被动形式。（worth 的动名词形式相当于 worthy to be done） eg . The door needs repairing/to be repaired. This book is worth reading/worthy to be read.Her mother is ill .She needs looking after/to be looked a
12、fter.动词不定式主动语态形式的使用要比被动语态形式的使用普遍，有时 （尤其在口语中）虽然意思上是被动的，也往往用主动语态形式来表示。I have three motors to repair today. The task is difficult to finish on time. Practice:1. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couples but it remainswhether they will enjoy it. （MET2001）A. to seeB. to be seen C. seeing
13、 D. seen2. Charles Babbage is generally considered the first computer. （MET1993）A. to invent B. inventing C. to have inventedD. havinginvented3. There are five pairs, but Im at a loss which to buy, （1999 上海高考）A. to be chosen B. to choose from C. to chooseD. forchoosing4. With a lot of difficult prob
14、lems, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A. settledB. settlingC. to settleD. being settled5. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role inmaking the earth a better place to live, （2003 上海春季高考）A. to have played B. to play C. to be played D. to be playing6. In
15、 order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state-runcompanies are trying their products more competitive.A. to makeB. makingC. to have made D. havingmade7. All these gifts must be mailed immediately in time for Christmas,（05年辽宁卷）A. in order to have received B. in order to receiveC. so as to be receivedD. so as to be receiving8. Robert is said abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in.A. to have studiedB. to studyC. to be studyD. to have been studying9. John was made the truck for a week as a punishment.A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to
