Literature review The history and development of functional equivalenceThose who insist functional equivalence define that translation is a unique way of human being's activity with specific intentions, which is language service item for customers 、readers 、 function and aims of the text in society circumstance.Baker tell us that the process of translation should not been limited by original text and it's influence to the translated or even the certain function which author use in the text. Meanwhile, he got the result that translation is certainly depend on the needs that readers and users aims to translate text eventually.Eugene A. Nada, a famous America translator, got the functional Equivalence in his book of Language and Culture: Translation Context in 2001. First of all, a minimal, realistic definition of functional equivalence: The readers of a translated text should be able to comprehend it to the point that they can conceive of how the original readers of the text must have understood and appreciated it. Secondly, idealistic of functional equivalence: The readers of a translated text should be able to understand and appreciate it in essentially the same manner as the original readers did.Nada start his research of translation theory, which has significantly influenced on people in the field of translation. Because he gave his ideas that combine this two concepts of function and meanings will be better for a word to have the true meaning in specific language context. The theory of functional equivalence was widely used in translation research and practice; however, it was just used in the field of literature translation. In 70 to 80s of last century, there came to German functional equivalence scholars, which is a sign of transforming from functions alone to combine with communication for researching. (Chen Juan, foreign studies of Shanghai university, 2008)The functional Equivalence emphases that translation is a process of which use the most suitable and natural words to reproduce the original in the text from it's meanings to terms. On the one hand, functional equivalence describes equivalence as the standard of translation and also a part of the core concept in modern translation. Many western language scholars alwaysadopt the functional equivalence when they give their ideas about translation. While the earliest one gave the functional equivalence is George Camber, the founder of equivalence, who insists to connect the meanings of word with intention of using it in 18th century. In 1934, the Soviet Union literature scholar Seamier gave his idea of equivalence, which explains it theoretically in the writer 's prospective and then the Equivalence formed initially. (Zhang Li, Journal of XianNing College , 2010, 76-77)Alexander Fraser Tyler figured out the Three Principles in his Essay on the Principles of Translation, which sets three criteria rules for translating in 1790. The translation should give acomplete transcript of the ideas of the original work, which means that the translated should be as functional as possible in transforming the original information to readers. The style and manner of writi ng in the tran slatio n should be of the same character with that of the orig in al. It gives the translator a implying that they need to describe character of the original as fairly as possible, otherwise the tran slated would not be properly un derstood by readers.Liu Chong De, a well-k nown Chin ese tran slator, gave his views of faithfu In ess、expressive ness of tran slati on in 1994. Faithfu In ess, n amely, the tran slated should be faithful to the content of the orig in al. Expressive ness means to be as expressive as the origi nal.参考文献Jan De Ward. Euge ne Albert Nada. From One Lan guage to Ano ther. Functional Equivale nee in Bible Tran slati ng. Nels on. 1986电影字幕中文化因素的翻译 《中国电力教育》2008年第19期窦强浅谈电影字幕翻译 《大众商务》 2009年第08期Eugene Albert Nada Language. Culture and Translation. Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press. 1993Eugene A, Nada & Charles R. Taber. The Theory and Practice of Translation. Shanghai Foreign Lan guage Educati on Press.2004.方琰，曹莉编.《经典电影精彩片断语言评析》 .北京；清华大学出版社.2001.Grossma n. The Tran slatio n Debate 75.高捷;从Nida的功能对等理论看中国民俗词语的翻译 [D];西安电子科技大学;2011年郝琨功能派视觉下的英语导游词研究 长春教育学院学报 2010 第2期金丽；；功能对等理论指导下的科技英语长句翻译 [J]；宁波广播电视大学学报；2010年01期金1等效翻译探索（增订版）1北京冲国对外翻译出版公司，1998李运兴 字幕翻译的策略 《中国翻译》2001年第04期李养龙刘颖字幕英译策略的句法分析 《四川外国语学报》2007年第01期李弘梅； 奈达“功能对等”理论在品牌翻译中的应用[j]；齐齐哈尔大学学报（哲学社会科学版）；2007年04期.李红霞动态功能对等翻译的合理性及其破缺一一奈达翻译理论一瞥 广东行政学院510053李波；张晶；；浅谈尤金 奈达的 功能对等”和德国功能派 目勺论”的差异性[J]；黑龙江教育学院学报；2010年02期Li Yupeng. Journal of Beijing Electric Power college. 2010 H315刘四龙，重新认识翻译理论的作用 一一对奈达翻译思想转变的反思 [J]中国翻译，2001 ;（2）.Nada, Eugene A &Taber G,R. Theory and Practice of Translation. Leiden； E, J.Brill.1969.Nida. Euge ne A. Towards a Scie nee of Tran slati ng [M].Leide n: E. J.Nada, Euge ne A Lan guage, Culture and Tran slat ing. Shan ghai Foreig n Lan gua。