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1、2022年考博英语-陕西师范大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题The kings daughter threatened to drink the chemical if he refused her request.问题1选项A.deadlyB.deathlyC.fatalD.mortal【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：国王的女儿威胁国王说，如果不同意她的要求，就喝下毒药。A选项deadly adj.致命地，非常地，表示致死的可能性极大，用于能引起死亡的事物，如：a deadly disease是通常会致死的疾病。B选项deathly adj.死一般的，让人
2、想到死亡的，如：a deathly silence死一般的寂静。fatal强调命运或必然性，用来形容导致毁灭，灾难，死亡的潜在或实际原因。在预测未来时，多用fatal。而mortal 是死亡已经发生或一定会发生，因此该词只用于事实上已经引起死亡或即将引起死亡的事物。此处是表示“致命的东西”，因此，A项是正确答案。2. 单选题In recent years, there has been a steady assault on salt from the doctors: salt is bad for you regardless of your health. Politicians als
3、o got on board. There is a direct relationship, US congressman Neal Smith noted, between the amount of sodium a person consumes and heart disease, circulatory disorders, stroke and even early death.Frightening, if true! But many doctors and medical researchers are now beginning to feel the salt scar
4、e has gone too far. “All this hue and cry about eating salt is unnecessary,” Dr. Dustan insists. “For most of us it probably doesnt make much difference how much salt we eat.” Dustans most recent short-term study of 150 people showed that those with normal blood pressure experienced no change at all
5、 when placed on an extremely low-salt diet, or later when salt was reintroduced. Of the hypertensive subjects, however, half of those on the low-salt diet did experience a drop in blood pressure, which returned to its previous level when salt was reintroduced.“An adequate to somewhat excessive salt
6、intake has probably saved many more lives than it has cost in the general population,” notes Dr. John H. Laragh. “So a recommendation that the whole population should avoid salt makes no sense.”Medical experts agree that everyone should practice reasonable “moderation” in salt consumption. For the a
7、verage person, a moderate amount might run from four to ten grams a day, or roughly 1/2 to 1/3 of a teaspoon. The equivalent of one to two grams of this sat allowance would come from the natural sodium in food. The rest would be added in processing, preparation or at the table.Those with kidney, liv
8、er or heart problems may have to limit dietary salt, if their doctor advises. But even the very vocal “low salt” exponent, Dr. Arthur Hull Hayes, Jr admits that “we do not know whether increased sodium consumption causes hypertension.” In fact, there is growing scientific evidence that other factors
9、 may be involved: deficiencies in calcium, potassium, perhaps magnesium; obesity (much more dangerous than sodium); genetic predisposition; stress.“It is not your enemy,” says Dr. Laragh. “Salt is the No. 1 natural component of all human tissue, and the idea that you dont need it is wrong. Unless yo
10、ur doctor has proven that you have a salt-related health problem, there is no reason to give it up.”1. According to some doctors and politicians, the amount of salt consumed（）.2. From Dr. Dustans study we can infer that（）.3. In the third paragraph, Dr. Laragh implies that（）.4. The phrase “vocal. exp
11、onent” (Line 2, Para. 4) most probably refers to（）.5. What is the main message of this text?问题1选项A.exhibits as an aggravating factor to people in poor healthB.cures diseases such as stroke and circulatory disordersC.correlates highly with some diseasesD.is irrelevant to people suffering from heart d
12、isease问题2选项A.a low-salt diet may be prescribed for some peopleB.the amount of salt intake has nothing to do with ones blood pressureC.the reduction of salt intake can cure a hypertensive patientD.an extremely low-salt diet makes no difference to anyone问题3选项A.people should not be afraid of taking exc
13、essive saltB.doctors should not advise people to avoid saltC.an adequate to excessive salt intake is recommended for people in diseaseD.excessive salt intake has claimed some victims in the general population问题4选项A.eloquent doctorB.articulate opponentC.loud speakerD.strong advocate问题5选项A.The salt sc
14、are is not justified.B.The cause of hypertension is now understood.C.The moderate use of salt is recommended.D.Salt consumption is to be promoted.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。根据文章第一段“There is a direct relationship,” US congressman Neal Smith noted, “between the amount of sodium a person
15、consumes and heart disease, circulatory disorders, stroke and even early death.”可知：一些医生和政客认为钠的摄入量和身体健康有直接关系，并会引发多种疾病，甚至早逝。说明他们认为食盐的摄入量与某些疾病的发生息息相关，因此，C项正确。2.推理判断题。根据文章第二段Dustans mostrecent short-term study of 150 people showed that those with normal blood pressure experienced no change at all when placed on an extremely low-salt diet, or later when salt, was reintroduced.Of the hypertensive subjects, however, half of those on the low-salt diet did experience a drop in blood pressure, which returned to its previouslevel when salt was reintroduced.可知：在Dustan研究中，当摄取极低的少盐饮食或
