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1、小学英语词形转换语法小结一、名词的复数(动词的第三人称单数形式)1、以s,x, ch, sh结尾的加es。boxboxes, watch-watches2、以辅音加y结尾的去y变i加es。strawberrystrawberries, 3、以fe,f结尾的,把fe,f变成ve,加s。knifeknives, wifewives,4、一般情况加s。boyboys, chair-chairs5、特殊词 manmen , womanwomen , footfeet, toothteeth, people-people mousemice, 二、动词变名词(直接加“er”,以字母“e”结尾的加“r”)
2、1.teachteacher, 2.workworker, 3.swimswimmer, 4.drivedriver5.playplayer 6.speakspeaker 7.writewriter 8.run-runner 三、动词变单三规律1、大多数动词在词尾加“S”在清辅音后发音为s,在浊辅音及元音后发音为 z。如:stopstops s ; makemakes sreadreads z ; playplays z2、以辅音字母加“y”结尾的,要先将“y”变为“i”,然后在加“es”读iz 如:flyflies z; carrycarries zstudystudies z; worry
3、worries3、以“s, x, ch, sh”结尾的,在词尾加“es”,发音为iz 如:teachteaches iz; 4、以“o”结尾的动词,加“es”,读z 如:gogoes z dodoes z5、还有一个特殊变化需要我们特别记住: have的单三形式为has四、小学英语动词的现在分词变化规则1一般在词尾加“-ing”help-helping 2以不发音e结尾的词,先去e,再加“-ing”例如:live-living3 以ie结尾的动词,先将ie变为y,再加ing。例如:lie-lying 4. 以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的词,要双写这个辅音字母,然后再加ing。 例如:
4、begin-beginning cut-cutting五、小学英语动词的过去式变化规则1一般在词尾加“-ed” help-helped2以不发音e结尾的词加“-d” live-lived3以“元音字母y”结尾时,加“-ed”;以“辅音字母y”结尾时,变 y为i,再加“-ed” play-played study-studied-4以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的词,要双写这个辅音字母,然后再加ed。 stop-stopped5、不规则动词过去式变化表,am ,is -was are-were begin-began break-kroke bring-brought build-bui
5、lt buy-bought can-could catch-caught come-came do-did draw-drew drink-drank drive-drove eat-ate fall-fell feed-fed feel-felt find-found fly-flew forget-forgot get-got go-went have,has-had hear-heard hold-held keep-kept know-knew learn-learnt,learned leave-left let-let make-made may-might mean-meant
6、meet-met must-must put-put read-read ride-rode ring-rang run-ran say-said see-saw sell-sold shall-should shoe-shoeed sing-sang sit- sat sleep-slept speak-spoke stand-stood swim-swam take-took teach-taught tell-told think-thought throw-threw understand-understood win-won write-wrote六、形容词比较级,最高级变化规律1.
7、比较级直接在原级后加er,最高级加est例如 tall-taller-tallest high-higher-highest2.形容词后面以不发音的e结尾的,变比较级,直接加r,最高级直接加stfine-finer-finest, nice-nicer-nicest3,形容词后面是以辅音字母+y结尾,把y 改成i,再加er变比较级,变最高级是把y 改成i,再加est,heavy-heavier-heavist4.以重读闭音节结尾的形容词,(最后是一个元音字母+辅音字母结尾的形容词),变比较级,双写最后辅音字母,再加er,变最高级双写最后辅音字母,再加est.big-bigger-biggest
8、七、小学英语常见同音词noknow seesea hihigh Ieye forfour sonsun ourhour herehear twotoo theretheir rightwrite 八、小学英语常见近义词 listen hear class lesson glad happy like love look see little small start begin learnstudy usually often 九、小学英语常见反义词 big(大的)- small(小的) bad(坏的)- good(好的)black(黑的)- white(白的) cold(冷的)- hot(热的
9、) cool(凉爽的)- warm(温暖的)come(来)- go(去) cry(哭)- laugh(笑) different(不同的)- same (相同的)dirty(脏的)- clean(干净的) day(白天)- night(夜晚)early(早的)- late(迟的) fast(快的)- slow(慢的) happy(高兴的)- sad(悲伤的) inside(里面的)- outside(外面的)in(里面)- out(外面) left(左)- right(右) new(新的)- old(旧的) open(开)- close(关) quick(快的)- slow(慢的) stand(
10、站)- sit(坐) short(矮的)- tall(高的) short(短的)- long(长的) thick(厚的)- thin(薄的) thin(瘦的)- fat(肥的) up(向上)- down(向下) wrong(错的)- right(对的) weak(弱的)- strong(强壮的) young(年轻的)- old(年老的)十、单词基数词变序数词规律1、一、二、三,单独记;八去t,九除e, ve要用f替,整十基数变序数,先把ty变成tie;要是遇到两位数,十位基数个位序,th最后加上去。2、onefirst, twosecond, threethird这三个词变化特殊,要单独记;eighteighth, nineninth, 八去t,九去e后再加-th; fivefifth, twelvetwelfth,五、十二把ve换成f再加-th;twentytwentieth, thirtythirtieth. 整十先把词尾y改为ie再加-th。两位数时则十位数用基数词,个位数用序数词,如:twenty-first。