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1、五大时态讲解及复习2013-4-291. 一般现在时(1)用法:表示事实、现状、性质或经常的、 习惯性的动作。常与seldom, often, usually, always, sometimes, today, every day, once a week, every five minutes, on Sundays等时间状语连用。如:I go to school at seven every day.我每天七点去上学。表示普遍真理。如: The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。表示在现在时间里所发生的一个动作。如:Here comes the bus.
2、公共汽车来了。在时间和条件状语从句中代表一般将来时。如Ill go shopping with my mother if she is free tomorrow.如果明天我妈妈有空,我将和她去购物。(2)动词的第三人称单数形式变化规则如下:直接加 s。如:work works 。辅音字母+ y 结尾的词, 先变 y 为 i, 再力口 es。 如:carry carries; cry cries; try tries; study studies 。以 s、 x、 o、 ch、 sh 结尾的词力口 es。如:wash washes; teach teaches; go goes; pass p
3、asses; fix fixes 特殊:have has。2. 一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。句中的谓语动词要变为过去式。(1)句型结构:be动词型I was a student last year . 去年我是一名学生。Were you at home this morning?今天早上你在家吗?Yes, I was./No, I wasnt. 是的,我在。/不,我不在。行为动词型Tom went to Shanghai last year .去年汤姆去了 上海。John did n t leave here last year .去年约翰没有住在这里。Did you see h
4、im just now?你刚才看见他了吗?(2)用法:主要表示过去的某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。如:His friend was at work yesterday.他的朋友昨天在工作。表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,常与often , always 等表示频度的时间状语连用。如:We often went to work by bus last year.去年我们经常乘公交车上班。和when 等引导的时间状语从句连用。如: When he got home, he had a rest.当他到家时,他休息了一会儿。常与表示过去的时间状语连用。这些状语有:ago, yesterday, la
5、st week, in the old days, when I was five years old, in 1995等。如: We began our work three hours ago.三小时前,我们开始工作。(3)动词过去式的变化规则:一般情况在动词原形后加 -ed 。如:watch watched 。以不发音字母 e结尾的加-d。如:live lived; practice practiced 。以辅音字母加 y 结尾的,变 y 为 i 加-ed 。如:study studied; carry carried; cry cried 。以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的,先
6、双写该辅音字母,再加 -ed。如:stop stopped; plan planned;不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆。3. 一般将来时(1)结构:助动词shall/will+动词原形(2)用法:表示将要发生的动作或状态,常用的时间状语有:later(on), soon, in a month, next time, from now on, tomorrow等。如:I shall be eighteen years old next year.明年我 18 岁了。表示某种必然的趋势。如: Fish will die without water.离开水,鱼就会死。(3)注意: 在以第一人称作主语
7、的问句中,常用 shall表示提议和询问情况,在以第二人称作主语的句中,用will表示请求。如:Where shall we have lunch?我们在哪里吃午饭?当主语是第一人称时,用 will表示意愿、决心、允诺、命令等。如:I will give Xiaoming a good giftfor his birthday.我会在小明生日时送他一份好礼。在时间或条件状语从句中,一般用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如:I will write to Jim when he is there.当吉姆到达那里时,我将给他写信。be going to 十动词原形”也可表示将来时。a .表示主观意愿、打
8、算等。如: Hes going to learn English next term.下学期他打算学英语。b .根据已有迹象能推测出可能要发生的情况。如: Look at the black clouds ! It is going to rain.看那些乌云!马上要下雨了。提示表示位移的动词的进行时常表达将来之意,如: come, go, leave, fly, start, finish等。如:Shes flying to Australia next month.下个月她将飞往澳大利亚。4. 现在进行时(1)结构: am/is/are +动词的ing形式(2)用法:表示目前发生(进行)的
9、动作(不指犬态),常用的时间状语有:now, at the moment 等。当有look, listen起提示作用时,后面的句子常用现在进行时。如: Are you writing a letter to your friend now?你现在正在给你朋友写信吗?听!她正在隔壁唱歌。We are planting trees these days. 这些日子我们在植树。come, go, leave, arrive, fly 等,常与表示将来的时间状语连用。如:他们明天下午要去英国。Listen! She is singing in the next room.表示现阶段正在进行,而此刻不一
10、定在进行的动作。如:表示位移的动词的进行时表示动作将要发生。此类词有They are leaving for England tomorrow afternoon.(3)现在分词的变化规则:般力口 -ing 。如:play playing 。以不发音字母e结尾的,去e力口 ing。如:come coming; make making; live living ; write writing; take taking 。以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的,先双写该辅音字母, 再加-ing。如:run running; sit sitting; begin beginning;cut cut
11、ting; stop stopping; get getting; swim swimming; plan planning 。特殊:die dying; lie lying; tie tying 。5. .过去进行时(1) 结构: was/were + doing(2)用法:过去进行时主要表示过去某一时间点或某一段时间正在进行的动作。如:His father fell down while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.他爸爸骑自行车时摔到了,弄伤了 自己。(3)常用的时间状语: this morning, the whole morn
12、ing, all day yesterday, from nine to ten, last evening, when, while。(4)when 和 while 的区别:引导时间状语从句时,while连接的是时间段,后常接延续性动词;而when连接的既可以是延续性动词也可以是非延续性动词。如:What was your father doing while your mother was cooking? 你妈妈正在做饭时,你爸爸干什么呢?What was your mother doing when you came back?当你回来时,你妈妈干什么呢?while可以连接两个并列的句
13、子,而 when不可以。如:I was trying my best to finish my work while my sister was watching TV. 我当时正在尽力完成作业,而我的妹妹正在看电视。when可作特殊疑问词,对时间进行提问,while 不能。如:When were you born?你是什么时候出生的?练习用动词的正确形式填空。1.I(be not) a middle2. She (be) in Class3. Sam and I(be) inschool student.Six ,Grade One .We different classes .4. The
14、re (be) a map on the wall. There(be) all Young pioneers.(be) some boats in theriver.5.I think he (be)backin a week.6.It s time (play) games.7.I want _(take)somebooks to the classroom .8.Could you (take) itto your room ?9.Look! The teachers_(talk)to the students.10.The best time _(visit) China (be) S
15、pring11.Can you _(look)afterher ?12.Don t (talk). Jim _(do) his homework.13.What you (do)? Im a farmer.or autumn.What you (do) now? I m (put) riceinbags.14. We (stay)at home on Sundays.He (go)toclassesevery week.15. Stop (talk). Let s begin our class.16. When he met his teacher in the street, he stopped(say)hello to him.17. we (go) to the zoo tomorrow?18. He (be) bornin1982.55. you (have) a good time at the cinema last night?1