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1、2022年考博英语-湘潭大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Just imagine the shock of the Prime Minister when three of his senior cabinet colleagues（ ） and resigned in protest on Friday night.问题1选项A.revolvedB.resolvedC.revivedD.revolted【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析题。根据句意试想一下，当他的三个高级内阁同僚都在周五晚上向他递交了辞呈并进行抗议，这对这位首相的打击有多大。可知这里应选与resigned in
2、 protest “辞职抗议”为并列关系的动词。A选项revolve “旋转”; B选项resolve “解决”； C选项revive “使复活，使恢复”; D选项revolt “反叛，起义”。 D选项的revolted与protest相对应， D选项正确。2. 单选题No one can be a great thinker who does not realize that as a thinker it is her first duty to follow her intellect to whatever conclusions it may lead. Truth gains mo
3、re even by the errors of one who with due study and preparation, thinks for himself, than by the true opinions of those who only hold them because they do not suffer themselves to think. No that it is solely, of chiefly, to form great thinkers that freedom of thinking is required. On the contrary, i
4、t is as much or even more indispensable to enable average human beings to attain the mental stature which they are capable of. There have been and many again be great individual thinkers in a general atmosphere of mental slavery. But there never has been, nor ever will be, in that atmosphere an inte
5、llectually active people. Where any of heterodox speculation was for a time suspended; where there is a tacit convention that principles are not to be disputed; where the discussion of the greatest questions which can occupy humanity is considered to be closed, we cannot hope to find that generally
6、high scale of mental activity which has made some periods of history so remarkable. Never when controversy avoided the subjects which are large and important enough to kindle enthusiasm was the mind of a people stirred up from its foundation and the impulse given which raised even persons of the mos
7、t ordinary intellect to something of the dignity of thinking beings.She who knows only her own sick of the case knows little of that. Her reasons may be good, and no one may have been able to refute them. But if she is equally unable to refute the reasons of the opposite side; if she does not so muc
8、h as know what they are, she has no ground for preferring either opinion. The rational position for her would be suspension of judgment, and unless she contents herself with that, she is either led by authority, or adopts, like the generality of the world the side to which she feels the most inclina
9、tion. Nor is it enough that she should heat the arguments of adversaries from her own teachers, presented as they state them, and accompanied by what they offer as refutations. That is not the way to do justice to the arguments, or bring them into real contact with her own mind. She must be able to
10、hear them from persons who actually believe them; who defend them in earnest, and do their very utmost for them. She must know them in their most plausible and persuasive form; she must feel the whole force of the difficulty which the true view of the subject has to encounter and dispose of; else sh
11、e will never really possess herself of the portion of truth which meets and removes that difficulty. Ninety-nine in a hundred of what are called educated persons are in this condition; even of those who can argue fluently for their opinions. Their conclusion may be true, but it might be false for an
12、ything they know; they have never thrown themselves into the mental position of those who think differently form and considered what such persons may have to say; and consequently they do not, in any proper sense of the word, know the doctrines which they themselves profess.1.According to the author
13、, it is always advisable to（ ）.2.According to the author, in a great period such as the Renaissance we may expect to find（ ）.3.According to the author, the person who holds orthodox beliefs without examination may be described in all of the following ways EXCEPT as（ ）.4.It can be inferred from the p
14、assage that the author would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements（ ）.问题1选项A.have opinions which cannot be refutedB.adopt the point of view to which one feels the most inclinationC.be acquainted with the arguments favoring the point of view with which one disagreesD.suspend
15、heterodox speculation in favor of doctrinaire approaches问题2选项A.acceptance of truthB.controversy over principlesC.inordinate enthusiasmD.a dread of heterodox speculation问题3选项A.enslaved by traditionB.less than fully rationalC.determinded on controversyD.having a closed mind问题4选项A.A truly great thinker
16、 makes no mistakesB.Periods of intellectual achievement are periods of unorthodox reflectionC.The refutation of accepted ideas can best be provided by ones own teachersD.excessive controversy prevents clear thinking【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。文章在第二段指出，一个人只知自己一方，推理极好，无人能反驳，却不知对方的推理，也不能够予以反驳的话，他就无权选择两方的任一论
