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1、高考必考英语语法大全虚拟语气在各种从句的应用主语从句的虚拟1. It is + adj. + that sb. (should) do常见的形容词有： necessary, important, strange, naturalIts important that he take my advice.2. It is + n. + that sb. (should) do常见的名词有： a pity, a shame, no wonder, ones wishIts a pity that he be so silly.3. It is + done + that sb. (should) d
2、o常见的过去分词有： suggested, advised, demanded, requested, required, asked, ordered, proposed, decided, desired, insisted 等。Its requested that she go home as soon as possible.宾语从句的虚拟1. 表命令，表建议，表要求的动词，后接宾语从句虚拟。虚拟的构成为 (should) do 。I advise that he stay at home.2. wish 后接从句，虚拟的构成是往过去推一个时态。I wish I had watched
3、 the football match last night.注意以下几组词或短语用于虚拟语气中。1. as if, as thoughHe speaks English as if he were a native speaker.2. otherwise, but, even thoughHe was ill. Otherwise he would have been there.3. with, without, but forWithout your help, I would have died two years ago.But for your help, I would hav
4、e died two years ago.4. would rather Id rather you told me yourself.5. Its time thatIts time that you went to bed.Its time that you should go to bed.表语从句中的虚拟在表语从句中，表示间接的命令，要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句中的主语通常是suggestion, proposal, request, orders, idea 等。从句谓语形式是(should)+ 动词原形 。如：His suggestion is that we (should)
5、leave at once.名词从句部分：1. that 不可省略的情况2. that 引导同位语从句和 that 引导定语从句的区别：同位语从句中的 that 是连词，不做成分，只连接主从句，不能省略; 定语从句中的 that 要代替先行词在从句中做主语、宾语或者表语，并且做宾语时可以省略。从语义上看，同位语从句是对前面名词的解释、 说明或内容;而定语从句时对前面名词的限定。We should consider the students request that theolslcibhroary provide more books onpopular science. （that 引导同位
6、语从句 ）The only hope that he expressed was that they would do what they could to help the peoplein disaster areas. （that 引导定语从句 ）3. 要根据句子结构尤其是谓语动词判断从句的类型：What is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games took place in Beijing.本句含有一个主语从句和一个表语从句，主句的动词为 is 。It is known to us all that the 2008 Olympi
7、c Games took place in Beijing.本句含有一个主语从句，主句的动词为is known to 。As is known to us all, the 2008 Olympic Games took place in Beijing.本句含有一个定语从句，主句的动词为took place ， as 引导非限制性定语从句。4. 名词性从句的语序和语态。名词性从句均应用陈述语序，不能用疑问语序，其时态应该和主句时态保持一致。5. 名词性从句中连词的省略。介词后的连词以及引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。 that 引导名词从句 （除了引导第一个宾语从句可省略外）都不可省
8、略，但是引导定语从句并在从句中做宾语时可以省略。that 不能省略的情况：1） 介词后面的that 不能省略：Peter is a good student except that he is sometimes careless.2） 当 that 引导的宾语从句位于句首时：That he ever did such a thing I don t believe.3）主句谓语动词和that从句之间有插入语，that不省略：She said that, if she failed, she would try again.4）当宾语从句有其他从属连词时，that 不省略：He told me
9、 that if it was necessary they would work extra time.6.名词性从句中it 的使用：为了保持句子平衡，多数情况下， it 作形式主语或形式宾语，将真正的主语或宾语从句后置。定语从句关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, that, as, 和关系副词when, where, why 。(1)that指物时一般可与 which互换，但在下列情况下，要用 that而不用which。a. 先行词有 all, everything 等不定代词时，如，Everything (that) he did is wrong.b. 先行词被
10、 all, every, no, some, any, little, much 等修饰时，如，Ill read all the books (that) you lend me.c. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，This is the first letter (that) the boy has written.d. 先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the last 修饰时，如He is the very man (that) Im looking for.e. 只用 which 的情况在介词后或在非限定性定语从句中This is the bo
11、ok about which we have talked a lot.The book, which he gave me yesterday, is very interesting.f. where 和 when 作关系副词This is the room where I worked.This is the room which I stayed in.I remembered the day when we lived there.I remembered the day that I spent there.g. as 和 whichas 可以放于句首，而which 不可以As y
12、ou know, he is good at English.three of them 和 three of whichI have a lot of books, three of which are in Russian.I have a lot of books and three of them are in Russian.(2. ) 介词“ +关系代词 ”的情况：在固定短语中介词不能提前; 判断介词的口诀：瞻前顾后看意义瞻前 看先行词;顾后 找从句动词 ;看意义 看全句表达含义(3. )先行词在从句中充当地点状语时， 关系词用 where 或者介词加which; 先行词在从句中充
13、当时间状语时，关系词用 when 或者介词加 which; 先行词在从句中充当原因状语时，关系词用 why 或者 for which 。(4.)注意as和which在非限制性定语从句中代表主句所表达的内容的区别：位置不同： as 从句放在主句前或后均可; 而 which 从句只能放在主句后作用不同： as 从句动词常常是see know 等，因而相当于插入语;which 从句则在陈述一件事实。状语从句部分1. while 是高考中的高频词，它既可引导时间状语从句，又可引导并列句，还可引导让步状语从句，表示 “尽管 ” 。2. no matter wh- 与 wh-ever 的联系及区别： no
14、 matter wh- 只引导让步状语从句，此时 与wh-ever通用。wh-ever又可引导名词性从句，No matter wh-不能。No matter when / Whenever he comes back, he should be invited to the party.3. 在条件，时间和让步从句中，用一般现在时表示一般将来时，用现在完成时表将来完成时，用一般过去时表过去将来时。 在 since 引导的时间状语从句中， 动词一般都用一般过去时，而主句常用现在完成时。4. 状语从句的倒装一般有下面几种情况：否定词开头；so加adj.开头；as /though 引导的让步状语从句
15、。5. 连词 before 小结：We had sailed four days before we saw land.（ 才）We hadn t run a mile before he felt tired.（不至 U就）Please write it down before you forget it.（ 趁）Before I could get in a word, he had measured me. （ 还没来得及）It will be/wasbefore要过多久才6. because, since, as引导原因从句的区别：because表达直接原因，语气最强，回答why;since通常放句首，译为既然”；asH导不谈自明的原因，语气最弱；7. as可以引导多种从句，要注意其中的区别。8. till, until 和 not until 的区别;if 和 unless 的区别。非谓语动词部分动词不定式几点注意。1. 下列动词或动词短语后接不定式：agree, seem, appear, offer, happen, wish, hope, pay,expect, long, plan, int
