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1、英语动词有两种语态： 主动语态 (the Active Voice) 被动语态 (the Passive Voice)A. 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。We planted the tree.B. 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。The tree was planted by us.(二)被动语态的基本结构:be + done一般现在时的被动语态：主语+am / is / are + done1. Now English _ by more and more people all over the word. A. speaks B. is spoken C. was spoken一般过去
2、时的被动语态：主语+was / were + done2. The lost boy _ at the street corner last night. A. was found B. is found C. was looked for一般将来时的被动语态：主语+will + be + donebe going to + be + done3. More man-made satellites _ in the future. A. will send up B. will be sent up C. are sent up现在完成时的被动语态：主语+have/ has+ been + d
3、one4. Three bridges _ since last year. A. have built B. were built C. have been built含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词 + be + done5. Flowers _ every day. A. has been watered B. should be watered C. should water(三)被动语态的特殊情况:1.在主动语态中,make, let, hear, see, watch, notice等词,其后跟省略to的动词不定式(动词原形),在变为被动语态时,必须还原动词不定式符号to.如: 1
4、) We heard him sing this song in the room. He _ _ _sing this song in the room.2) The boss made him work 14 hours a day. He _ _ _ _14 hours a day. 3) I told him not to swim alone. He _ _ _ _ _ alone. 2.含有双宾语的动词在变为被动语态时，有以下三种情形： (1)有些双宾动词(如award, buy, give, leave, lend, offer, pay, show, teach, tell等)
5、在变为被动语态时，既可把间接宾语(指人)变为被动语态的主语,而把直接宾语(指事物)保留下来(称为保留宾语),也可把直接宾语(指事物)变为被动语态的主语,而把间接宾语改为介词to 或for引起的状语(到底用to还是for,与所搭配的动词有关)。比较： He gave her some money. 他给她一些钱。 She was given some money (by him). Some money was given to her (by him). 3.作“需要”讲的need的被动形式： need to be done Your jacket needs to be washed. 4.表示“开始、结束、运动”的动词用主动式表被动义。 begin, open, start, stop, end, finish, shut, run,.)The shop opens at 6 am. every day
