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1、被动语态小结及练习（1）英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。We study English. (主语We是动作study的执行者，是主动语态。）English is studied by us. (主语English是动作study的承受者，是被动语态。） （2）被动语态的构成被动语态由“bep.p.（及物动词的过去分词）”构成。(谓语必须是及物动词，只有及物动词才有宾语，有宾语被动语态才有主语。)（3）主动语态变被动语态的方法 把主动语态中的主语变为被动语态by的宾语。 把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 把主动语态的谓语
2、按“bep.p.” 结构变成相应的被动形式。We study English. English is studied by us. They make the bikes in the factory.The bikes are made by them in the factory.Julia painted a picture.The picture was painted by Julia.（4）被动语态的用法 不知道动作的执行者是谁。 This watch is made in China. 这个表是中国制造的。 没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 More trees must be p
3、lanted every year. 每年必须种很多树。 需要强调或突出动作的承受者。 The window was broken by Mike. 窗户是迈克打破的。 Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.世界上越来越多的人说汉语。（强调汉语的使用广泛） 动作的发出者不是人。Many houses were washed away in the flood.在洪水中很多房子被冲走了。（5）各种时态的被动语态即“be的各种时态的被动语态”。现以build为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。一般现在时：am/is/arep.
4、p. The building is built CBD office.一般过去时：was/werep.p. The building was built in 2010.一般将来时： will/shall bep.p. am/is/are going to+ be+ p.p. The building will be built next year. The building is going to be built next year.现在进行时：am/is/are beingp.p. The building is being built now.现在完成时：have/has beenp
5、.p. The building has been built since 2010. 含有情态动词被动语态：情态动词bep.p. The students mustnt be given too much homework.禁止给学生留太多的作业。(6) 一些特殊结构的被动语态 主动语态句中的谓语动词带有双宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语时，转换方法有两种： （a）把间接宾语转化为主语，保留直接宾语。(b) 把直接宾语转化为主语，保留间接宾语。此时，一般需在间接宾语前加适当的介词to或for。常与to搭配的动词有give, pass, show, bring, take, post等。常与for搭
6、配的动词有buy等。He gave me a book.间接宾语 直接宾语I was given a book by him. (间接宾语转化为主语)A book was given to me by him. (直接宾语a book转化为主语) 主动语态中省略了的to,被动语态一定要加上to。以下动词后接省略to的不定式作宾补 6个感官动词 4个“看” see watch notice observe 1个“听” hear 1个“手摸” feel 3个“使，让”动词 make have let 2个词组 look at listen to 1 个“help” 后可省可不省。 We often
7、 hear a girl sing in the next room. The girl is often heard to sing in the next room. to千万不能省 带复合宾语的动词变为被动语态 宾语加上宾补一起构成复合宾语。变为被动语态时，只把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语，主动语态的宾补保留在原处，成为被动语态的主补。 I saw some boys playing football on the playground. 主动语态的宾补(现在分词) Some boys were seen playing football on the playground.被动语态
8、的主补(现在分词) 短语动词变为被动语态 短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成短语动词的介词或副词。 We should take good care of the children. The children should be taken good care of. (of不能丢) 主动结构表示被动意义(a) sell, open, write, ride, wash, wear , read, lock, cut, burn等词作不及物动词时，他们的主语为物，可用主动语态表示被动意义。The books sell well.The shop opens from
9、9 a.m. to 10 p.m.This kind of pen writes/runs very smoothly. (特指这种钢笔)The bike rides well.This kind of shirts washes well and wears long. （衬衫中的这种,主语是kind）The telegram reads as follows. 电文如下。Does this trunk lock？ 折纸皮箱上着锁码?The door wont lock. 这道门锁不上。The knife cuts well. 这把刀好使。The razor wont cut. 这把剃刀不好
10、使。Fair burns. 火烧着了。Dry wood burns easily. 干木易烧。 (b) 以下按句型背 () look, sound, taste, smell, feel等系动词构成系表结构 School uniforms look good on us. It sounds good. It tastes nice. The cake smells delicious. His hands feel cold./ Silk feels soft.（以被摸东西为主语，feel为系动词，意思是“东西摸上去有某种感觉”）() be worth doing 中，doing表被动意义。
11、The film is worth seeing.The book is worth reading.The boy isnt worth teaching.() want/need/require + doing= want/need/require to be done to be done 表示不定式的被动结构。 My bike needs repairing.= My bike needs to be repaired. 注：两个“发生” happen和 take place无被动。 What happened? Whats happening? 被动语态和系表结构的区别 被动语态表动
12、作，系表结构表状态。The window is broken by my brother. (表动作) The window is broken. (表状态)This shop is closed at nine oclock. This shop is closed today.被动语态练习一一把下列主动语态变为被动语态：1We often use a recorder in our English class.2They will show a new film next week.3When did they build the house?4I saw the boy enter th
13、e room.5Will they show a new film next week?6Have they posted the letter yet?7We often see him help his classmate.8You must turn off the light before you go to bed9Who is repairing the bike?10The student should learn all the texts by heart.二选择填空：（ ）1. The reading room _ yesterday afternoon.A. cleane
14、d B. is cleaned C. was cleaning D. was cleaned（ ）2. The workers were made _ ten hours a day.A. work B. to work C. working D. worked（ ）3. Food _ in a cool place in summer.A. must keep B. mustnt keep C. must be kept D. mustnt be kept（ ）4. His father _ to work in Hong Kong 3 years ago.A. sent B. was sent C. has sent D. has been sent（ ）5
