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1、2022年考博英语-西安电子科技大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 翻译题In the late 1960s integrated circuit, tiny transistors and other electrical components arranged on a single chip of silicon (硅), replaced individual transistors in computers. Integrated circuits became miniaturized (使小型化), enabling more components to be desig
2、ned into a single computer circuit.【答案】20世纪60年代末，安装在一块硅片上的集成电路、微型晶体管和其他电子元件取代了计算机中的单个晶体管。集成电路小型化使人们将更多组件设计成一个单一的计算机电路。2. 单选题Throughout the nations more than 15,000 school districts, widely differing approaches to teaching science and math have emerged. Though there can be strength in diversity, a ne
3、w international analysis suggests that this variability has instead contributed to lackluster achievement scores by U.S. children relative to their peers in other developed countries.Indeed, concludes William H. Schmidt of Michigan State University, who led the new analysis, “no single intellectuall
4、y coherent vision dominates U.S. educational practice in math or science.” The reason, he said, “is because the system is deeply and fundamentally flawed.”The new analysis, released this week by the National Science Foundation in Arlington, Va, is based on data collected from about 50 nations as par
5、t of the Third International Mathematics and Science Study.Not only do approaches to teaching science and math vary among individual U.S. communities, the report finds, but there appears to be little strategic focus within a school districts curricula, its textbooks, or its teachers activities. This
6、 contrasts sharply with the coordinated national programs of most other countries.On average, U.S. students study more topics within science and math than their international counterparts do. This creates an educational environment that “is a mile wide and an inch deep,” Schmidt notes.For instance,
7、eighth graders in the United States cover about 33 topics in math versus just 19 in Japan. Among science courses, the international gap is even wider. U.S. curricula for this age level resemble those of a small group of countries including Australia, Thailand, Iceland, and Bulgaria. Schmidt asks whe
8、ther the United States wants to be classed with these nations, whose educational systems “share our pattern of splintered visions” but which are not economic leaders.The new report “couldnt come at a better time,” says Gerald Wheeler, executive director of the National Science Teachers Association i
9、n Arlington. “The new National Science Education Standards provide that focused vision,” including the call “to do less, but in greater depth.”Implementing the new science standards and their math counterparts will be the challenge, he and Schmidt agree, because the decentralized responsibility for
10、education in the United States requires that any reforms be tailored and instituted one community at a time.In fact, Schmidt argues, reforms such as these proposed national standards “face an almost impossible task, because even though they are intellectually coherent, each becomes only one more voi
11、ce in the babble.”1. According to the passage, the teaching of science and math in America is _.2. The fundamental flaw of American school education is that _.3. By saying that the U.S. educational environment is “a mile wide and an inch deep” (Para. 5), the author means U.S. educational practice _.
12、4. The new National Science Education Standards are good news in that they will _.5. Putting the new science and math standards into practice will prove difficult because _.问题1选项A.focused on tapping students potentialB.characterized by its diversityC.losing its vitality graduallyD.going downhill in
13、recent years问题2选项A.it lacks a coordinated national programB.it sets a very low academic standard for studentsC.it relies heavily on the initiative of individual teachersD.it attaches too much importance to intensive study of school subjects问题3选项A.lays stress on quality at the expense of quantityB.of
14、fers an environment for comprehensive educationC.encourages learning both in depth and in scopeD.scratches the surface of a wide range of topics问题4选项A.provide depth to school science educationB.solve most of the problems in school teachingC.be able to meet the demands of the communityD.quickly domin
15、ate U.S. educational practice问题5选项A.there is always controversy in educational circles of these standardsB.not enough educators have realized the necessity for doing soC.school districts are responsible for making their own decisionsD.many schoolteachers challenge the acceptability【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.【选项释义】According to the passage, the teaching of science and math in America is _. 根据文章，美国的科学和数学教学是_。A. focused on tapping students potential A. 侧重于挖掘学生的潜力B. characterized by its diversity B. 具有多样性的特点C. losing its vitality gradually C. 正逐渐失去其活力D. going downh
