《高中化学鲁科版选修四试题:3.3.2《沉淀反应的应用》随堂练习(学生版) Word版含解析》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《高中化学鲁科版选修四试题:3.3.2《沉淀反应的应用》随堂练习(学生版) Word版含解析(3页珍藏版)》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、3.3.2沉淀反应的应用随堂练习(学生版)1在BaSO4饱和溶液中加入少量BaCl2溶液时产生沉淀,若以Ksp表示BaSO4的溶度积常数,则平衡后溶液中()ABa2SO(Ksp)BBa2SOKsp,Ba2SOCBa2SOKsp,Ba2SODBa2SOKsp,Ba2SO2为了除去MgCl2的酸性溶液中的Fe3,可在加热条件下加入一种试剂,过滤后再加入一定量的盐酸,这种试剂是()ANH3H2O BNaOH CNa2CO3 DMgCO33自然界地表层原生铜的硫化物经氧化、淋滤作用后变成CuSO4溶液,向地下深层渗透,遇到难溶的ZnS或PbS,慢慢转变为铜蓝(CuS)。下列分析正确的是()来源%:中国
2、教育出版#*网ACuS的溶解度大于PbS的溶解度B原生铜的硫化物具有还原性,而铜蓝没有还原性CCuSO4与ZnS反应的离子方程式是Cu2S2=CuSD整个过程涉及的反应类型有氧化还原反应和复分解反应4难溶电解质在水溶液中存在着电离平衡。在常温下,溶液里各离子浓度以它们化学计量数为方次的乘积是一个常数,叫溶度积常数(Ksp)。例如:Cu(OH)2(s)Cu2(aq)2OH,KspCu2OH221020 mol3L3。当溶液中各离子浓度方次的乘积大于溶度积时,则产生沉淀,反之固体溶解。(1)某CuSO4溶液里Cu20.02 molL1,如要生成Cu(OH)2沉淀,应调整溶液的pH,使之大于_。(2
3、)要使0.2 molL1 CuSO4溶液中Cu2沉淀较为完全(使Cu2浓度降至原来的千分之一),则应向溶液里加入NaOH溶液,使溶液pH为_。5.某温度下,Fe(OH)3(s)、Cu(OH)2(s)分别在溶液中达到沉淀溶解平衡后,改变溶液pH,金属阳离子浓度的变化如图所示。据图分析,下列判断错误的是() AKspFe(OH)3KspCu(OH)2B加适量NH4Cl固体可使溶液由a点变到b点Cc、d两点代表的溶液中H与OH乘积相等中#国*&教育出版网DFe(OH)3、Cu(OH)2分别在b、c两点代表的溶液中达到饱和6已知难溶电解质在水溶液中存在溶解平衡:www.zz#step%.comMmAn
4、(s)mMn(aq)nAm(aq)KspMnmAmn,称为溶度积。来源:中国*&教育出版网#某学习小组欲探究CaSO4沉淀转化为CaCO3沉淀的可能性,查得如下资料:(25)难溶电解质CaCO3CaSO4MgCO3Mg(OH)2Ksp2.8109mol2L29.1106mol2L26.8106mol2L21.81012mol3L3实验步骤如下:往100 mL 0.1 molL1的CaCl2溶液中加入100 mL 0.1 molL1的Na2SO4溶液,立即有白色沉淀生成。向上述悬浊液中加入固体Na2CO3 3 g,搅拌,静置,沉淀后弃去上层清液。再加入蒸馏水搅拌,静置,沉淀后再弃去上层清液。_。
5、(1)由题中信息知Ksp越大,表示电解质的溶解度越_(填“大”或“小”)。(2)写出第步发生反应的化学方程式:_。(3)设计第步的目的是_。www.&zz*%#(4)请补充第步操作及发生的现象:_。7已知Ksp(AgCl)1.81010 mol2L2,Ksp(Ag2CrO4)1.91012 mol3L3,现在向0.001 molL1 K2CrO4和0.01 molL1 KCl混合液中滴加0.01 molL1 AgNO3溶液,通过计算回答:中&国教育出版*#%网(1)Cl、CrO谁先沉淀?(2)刚出现Ag2CrO4沉淀时,溶液中Cl浓度是多少?(设混合溶液在反应中体积不变)QcWA3PtGZ7R
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