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1、2022年考博英语-中国科学技术大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题Vince Cables decision not to come to Oxford because of a peaceful protest is one of the most cowardly acts by a British politician in living memory.问题1选项A.sensibleB.effectiveC.fearfulD.cautious【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. sensible 明智的，理智的 B. effective 有效的C. fearful
2、惧怕的，胆怯的，担心的 D. cautious 小心的，谨慎的（谨慎说话和行事，尤其是为了避免危险或错误）【答案】C【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】cowardly的意思为“胆小的，怯懦的”，指的是因为和平示威而决定不去牛津大学是懦弱的行为，fearful与之词义相近，因此C选项正确。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项词义与之不符。【句意】文斯凯布尔因为和平示威而决定不去牛津大学，这是人们记忆中英国政治家最懦弱的行为之一。2. 单选题The announcement that the Soviet Union has reached parity with the United States in
3、 ICBMs dominated the news of rockets and missiles this year.问题1选项A.challengeB.equalityC.velocityD.criterion【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. challenge 挑战，艰巨任务 B. equality 平等，均等C. velocity （沿某一方向的）速度 D. criterion （评判或作决定的）标准，准则【答案】B【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】parity的意思为“（尤指薪金或地位）平等，相同”，指的是苏联和美国在洲际弹道导弹方面的实力相当，equality与之词义相近，因此B选
4、项正确。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项词义与之不符。【句意】在今年有关火箭和导弹的新闻中，苏联在洲际弹道导弹方面已与美国势均力敌是特大新闻。3. 单选题The tools of the information age can reinforce, rather than erode, the local character of knowledge system.问题1选项A.transformB.spoilC.replaceD.diminish【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. transform 使改变外观（或性质） B. spoil 破坏，搞坏，毁掉（把好的东西变成坏的、令人不快的、无用的
5、东西）C. replace 代替，取代 D. diminish 减少，（使）减弱，降低（某物变小、变弱）【答案】B【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】erode的意思为“逐渐毁坏，削弱，损害（摧毁某物或使其变得更弱）”，有破坏的意思，和reinforce“加强；加固”的意思相反，这里指信息时代的工具不会破坏知识体系的地方性，反而会巩固和加强其地方性，spoil表示破坏和毁掉，与之词义相近，因此B选项正确。【干扰项排除】A、C选项词义与之不符；D选项侧重于减弱，没有到破坏的地步，词义不同。【句意】信息时代的工具可以巩固加强而不是破坏知识体系的地方性。4. 填空题Competition protect
6、s the freedom of the individual from ensuring that there is no monopoly of power.In contrast to one, all-powerful government, many businesses compete against each other for profits. A B C D【答案】B from改为by【解析】【考查点】介词。【解题思路】protect为这里的谓语动词，指的是维护个体自由，B部分到句尾指的是维护个体自由的方式，介词by“（表示方式）”符合语境。【句意】竞争可以权力垄断，维护个体
7、自由。与全能的政府相比，许多企业为了利润而相互竞争。5. 单选题Stunkard and his colleagues emphasized that those with “fat genes” are not doomed to a lifetime of obesity.问题1选项A.subjectedB.destinedC.enduredD.sustained【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. subjected （v.）使顺从，（尤指）压服 B. destined （adj.）注定，（尤指）命中注定C. endured （v.）忍耐，忍受 D. sustained （v.）维持（生命
8、、生存）【答案】B【考查点】词义辨析。【解题思路】doomed的意思为“使注定失败（或遭殃、死亡等）”，指的是不是注定一辈子肥胖，无法改变，destined与之词义相近，因此B选项正确。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项词义与之不符。【句意】斯图卡德和他的同事们强调，那些有肥胖基因的人并不是注定要一生肥胖。6. 填空题In the 8th century gigaku fell into disfavor because its frivolous (愚蠢的) character _ the Japanese rulers of the period. (please)【答案】displeased【
9、解析】【考查点】动词。【解题思路】because引导原因状语从句，横线处为谓语动词。根据时间8th century，可知句子时态为一般过去时。这里指的是伎乐愚蠢可笑的特点让统治者_，因此伎乐不受欢迎，displease的意思为“使恼怒，使生气，使不悦”，符合语境，其过去式为displeased。【句意】在8世纪，伎乐因其愚蠢可笑的特点，当时的日本统治者听了不悦，因此不受欢迎。7. 填空题Higher interest rates make it more expensive to borrow money, _ people from buying new homes or starting
10、new construction projects. (courage)【答案】discouraging【解析】【考查点】动词。【解题思路】逗号前为完整的句子，横线所在内容应为非谓语动词。逗号前说到借贷更加昂贵，后面说_人们购买新房或开工建设新项目，可知前者打击后者积极性，是主动关系，一方面动词应为现在分词，一方面动词discourage的意思为“使灰心，使泄气”，符合题意。因此此处应为discourage的现在分词discouraging。【句意】利率更高让借贷更加昂贵，使人们不愿购买新房或开工建设新项目。8. 翻译题As an adult I once did the same thing
11、 to Sophia, calling her garbage in English when she acted extremely disrespectfully toward me. When I mentioned that I had done this at a dinner party, I was immediately ostracized (excluded). One guest named Marcy got so upset she broke down in tears and had to leave early. My friend Susan, the hos
12、t, tried to rehabilitate me with the remaining guests.The fact is that Chinese parents can do things that would seem unimaginableeven legally actionable (可起诉的)to Westerners. Chinese mothers can say to their daughters, “Hey fattylose some weight.” By contrast, Western parents have to tiptoe around th
13、e issue, talking in terms of “health” and never ever mentioning the f-word, and their kids still end up in therapy for eating disorders (进食障碍) and negative self-image. (I also once heard a Western father toast his adult daughter by calling her “beautiful and incredibly competent”. She later told me
14、that made her feel like garbage.)Chinese parents can order their kids to get straight As. Western parents can only ask their kids to try their best. Chinese parents can say, “Youre lazy. All your classmates are getting ahead of you.” By contrast, Western parents have to struggle with their own conflicted feelings about achievement, and try to persuade themselves that theyre not disappointed about how their kids turned out.Ive thought long and hard about how Chinese parents can
