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1、2022年考博英语-华东政法大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题Every _ has been taken to evacuate the stranded sailors from Hurricane Betty.问题1选项A.pleasureB.measureC.pressureD.leisure【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项pleasure“快乐；希望；娱乐；令人高兴的事”；B选项measure“测量；措施；程度；尺寸”；C选项pressure“压力；压迫，物压强”；D选项leisure“闲暇；空闲；安逸”。句意：已采取一切_疏散贝蒂飓风中搁浅的水手。本句
2、表达“采取措施疏散水手”。因此B选项正确。2. 单选题Its a general practice for small factories to _ more workers during times of prosperity, and lay off some when recession hits.问题1选项A.take inB.take overC.take onD.take up【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项take in“吸收；领会；欺骗；接待；接受；理解；拘留；欺骗；让进入；改短”；B选项take over“接管；接收”；C选项take on“承担；呈现；具有；流行；接纳
3、；雇用；穿上”；D选项take up“拿起；开始从事；占据（时间，地方）”。句意：对于小工厂来说，在经济繁荣时期_更多的工人，在经济衰退时裁掉一些工人是普遍做法。根据和后文lay off“解雇；休息；停止工作”对比可知本句表达“在经济繁荣时期雇佣更多的工人”。因此C选项正确。3. 单选题Christines real problem is that she _ confidence.问题1选项A.is lack ofB.is lack inC.lacks forD.lacks of【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。lack of“没有，缺乏；不足，不够”，名词短语；lack in“缺少，在缺少，
4、缺乏”，动词短语。A选项be动词+名词短语作谓语，正确；B选项be动词+动词短语，错误；C选项lack for一般不做固定搭配；D选项lack of名词短语不能当谓语。因此A选项符合题意。4. 单选题It is _ impossible to imagine that universities, hospitals, large businesses or even science and technology could have come into being without cities to support them.问题1选项A.preferablyB.virtuallyC.prec
5、iselyD.presumably【答案】B【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项preferably“更合意地，最好是”；B选项virtually“事实上，几乎；实质上”；C选项precisely“精确地；恰恰”；D选项presumably“大概；推测起来；可假定”。句意：_无法想象，如果没有城市的支持，大学、医院、大企业甚至科学技术会出现。本句表达“几乎无法想象”，因此B选项正确。5. 单选题X. Political ScienceWhat difference does it make if more, or fewer, people vote? What difference would it
6、 make if the state makes people vote? These questions are central both to normative debates about the rights and duties of citizens in a democracy and to contemporary policy debates in a variety of countries over what actions states should take to encourage electoral participation. To address them,
7、this paper focuses on the phenomenon of compulsory voting legal requirements that compel citizens to participate. Specifically, by focusing on a rare case of abolishing compulsory voting in Venezuela, we examine whether compulsory voting reduces income inequality.Our results support a well-known pro
8、position advanced by Arend Lijphart in his 1996 presidential address to the American Political Science Association. For Lijphart, class bias “the inequality of representation and influence.not randomly distributed but systematically biased in favor of more privileged citizens.and against less advant
9、aged citizens” is the central “unresolved dilemma” of democracy. The normative foundation of this argument is that, in a democracy, the preferences of every citizen should have equal weight in electing representatives and determining policy. Lijphart contends that “low voter turnout means unequal an
10、d socioeconomically biased turnout.and unequal participation spells unequal influence”, and that compulsory voting is “the strongest of all the institutional factors” in its potential to remedy the pernicious effects of class bias in turnout.Despite its normative importance and practical relevance i
11、n policy debates, rigorous empirical scrutiny of Lijpharfs claim has been limited. Numerous scholars have investigated the impact of voter turnout on various outcome variables. Most of these studies, however, face methodological shortcomings because they are based on relatively simple cross-sectiona
12、l regression without a convincing identification strategy for causal inference, or because they rely on instrumental variables based on exogenous “shocks” to turnout (e.g. weather events) that are not relevant to how the level of voter turnout influenced by whether voting is compulsory or mandatory
13、affects electoral and policy outcomes.Two recent studies address these methodological concerns. Fowler (2013) estimates the causal effects of the introduction of compulsory voting in Australia on election outcomes and pension spending. Similarly, Bechtel, Hangartner, and Schmid (2013) examine the ef
14、fects of the introduction of compulsory voting in the Swiss canton of Vaud on the results of federal referendums. Both studies use an important change in the voting rule as leverage for causal inference, effectively examining the counterfactual question: What would have happened if the compulsory vo
15、ting rule had not been introduced?1.From the first paragraph, we know that this paper is to discuss _.2.Mr. Arend Lijphart holds the following view but _.3.The weak point of the studies about the impact of voter turnout on various outcome variables is that _.4.Which statement about the studies of Fowler and Bechtel, Hangartner, and Schmid is NOT true?问题1选项A.normative debates about the rights and duties of citizensB.policy debates in a variety of countriesC.whether compulsory voting reduces income inequalityD.the phenomenon of compulsory voting
