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1、学通语法（增分语法填空和短文改错）集释(一) “语境考查类”语法项目第一讲冠_词单句语法填空1(2015全国卷语法填空)The adobe dwellings (土坯房) built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers.2(2015广东高考语法填空)Mr. Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children. He owned a farm, which
2、 looked almost abandoned.3(2015浙江高考改编)Janes grandmother had wanted to write a childrens book for many years, but one thing or another always got in the way.4(2015陕西高考改编)The more learned a man is, the more modest he usually becomes.5(2015重庆高考改编)I just heard the bank where Dora works was robbed by a g
3、unman wearing a mask.一、不定冠词(一)不定冠词的基本用法1表示泛指某个人或事物。I metafriend of yours today as I hurried off to work.今天我在赶着去上班的路上遇到了你的一位朋友。2用在第一次提到的单数可数名词前，表示泛指。My friend John is a handsome young man, a young man everyone likes to work with.我的朋友约翰是一个英俊的年轻人，一个人人都喜欢与他共事的年轻人。3表示“某一个”，相当于a certain。I remember he came
4、 here on a Sunday and left soon.我记得他在某个星期天来过，并且很快就离开了。4用在序数词前，表示“再一，又一”。He missed the gold medal in the high jump, but he will get a second chance in the long jump.他在跳高比赛中错失了金牌，但是在跳远比赛中他还有机会。5用在形容词的比较等级前，表示“一个更的”。If we sit near the front of the bus, well have a better view.如果我们坐在公共汽车的前部，视野就会更好些。6用于物
5、质名词或抽象名词具体化时。物质名词或抽象名词仅表示概念时，是不可数名词，前面不加不定冠词。但如果表示具体的人或事，特别是前面有形容词修饰时，就变成了可数名词，前面可加不定冠词。Tony is a famous pianist. Im absolutely certain that his concert this Sunday will be a success.托尼是一位著名的钢琴家，我十分确信这个星期天他的音乐会一定成功。(二)固定搭配中的不定冠词不定冠词常用于某些固定搭配中，常见的有：have a gift for有的天赋have a holiday度假get a lift/ride搭便
6、车 pay a visit to参观lend sb.a hand帮助某人 as a result因此as arule通常，照例 ina hurry匆忙地ata distance离一段距离 a waste of的浪费What a pity！真遗憾！ be/go ona diet节食a collection of一批 aknowledge of知道have a good time玩得高兴 makea living谋生as a matter of fact事实上 have a history of有历史in a sense/way在某种意义上 for a while暂时，一时all of a sud
7、den突然 a matter of的问题have a population of有人口cover anarea of占的面积You can ask anyone for help. Everyone here is willing to lend youa hand.(2014安徽高考单选)你可以向任何人求助，这里的每个人都乐意帮助你。二、定冠词(一)定冠词的基本用法1特指双方都知道的或上文提到过的人或物。I went to a university in New Zealand. Theuniversity was founded in the early twentieth century
8、.我在新西兰的一所大学就读，这所大学建立于20世纪初。2用于单数可数名词或形容词前，表示一类人或物。As we all know, the brain is the centre of thought.众所周知，大脑是思维的中心。As a matter of fact,the rich arent always happy.事实上富人并非总是快乐的。“theadj.”表示一类人的常用短语：the rich富人the dead死者the poor穷人 the aged老人the old老人 the living活着的人the young年轻人 the injured/wounded受伤的人 3用
9、于序数词和形容词或副词最高级以及形容词only, very, same等之前。Yang Liwei isthe first man who has been into space in China.在中国杨利伟是第一个登上太空的人。Now, years later, this river is one ofthemost outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.(2014全国卷语法填空)在数年之后的现在，这条河成为了环境治理的最突出的范例之一。4用于被限制性修饰语加以限制的人或物前。The village where I was born h
10、as grown into a town.(2014陕西高考单选)我出生的村庄已变成了一个城镇。5用于表示朝代、年代的名词前，或用于整十的数词复数前，表示某个年代。As is well known to us all, the Second World War broke out in the thirties.众所周知，二战爆发于30年代。6用于表示姓氏的复数名词前，表示一家人或夫妇俩。The Smiths lived in the apartment above ours.史密斯夫妇住在我们楼上的公寓里。7用于世界上独一无二的事物前。No one knows exactly how the
11、 moon came into existence, as it happened so long ago.没有人确切知道月球是怎样形成的，因为这发生在很久之前。8用于被演奏的西洋乐器前。As far as I know, he likes playingthe piano.据我所知，他喜欢弹钢琴。(二)固定结构及固定短语中的定冠词1固定结构中的定冠词(1)用于“bythe表示计量单位的名词”结构中，表示“按计算”。Its said that John will be in a job paying over D|S60,000 a year.Right, he will also get p
12、aid by the week.据说，约翰将获得一个年薪超过6万美元的工作。是的，他的工资还将按周支付。(2)用于“动词sb.介词the身体某一部位”结构中。His nose bled when the thief hit him in the face.那个贼打到了他的脸，他鼻子出血了。(3)用于the more . the more .(越越)结构中。The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes you will make.你越小心，就会越少犯错误。2固定短语中的定冠词atthe moment此刻；目前inthe end 最后，最终to tell
13、the truth说实话 on the other hand另一方面by the way顺便说一下 inthe middle of在中间at the same time同时 on the contrary相反on thewhole总的来说 in the distance在远处to the point 中肯；切题make the most/best of充分利用go to the cinema/theater去看电影/戏剧Now that you have such a good chance, youd better make the best of every minute to achie
14、ve your goal.既然你有这么好的一次机会，你最好充分利用每一分钟去实现你的目标。三、零冠词(一)零冠词的基本用法下列情况下不用冠词。1表示泛指的不可数名词或复数名词前。Keeping a diary is a good habit, by which youll make great progress.记日记是一个可以让你取得巨大进步的好习惯。Telephones are still playing an important role in peoples life. 在人们的生活中仍然起着重要的作用。2表示月、季、星期、节假日、洲、三餐、球类、学科、棋类名词前。A year can
15、 be divided into four seasons spring, summer, autumn and winter.一年可以分为四季春、夏、秋、冬。3与by连用的表示交通工具、通讯工具的名词前。Are you going there by plane or by ship?你是乘飞机还是乘船去那里？4系动词turn后的单数名词作表语时。After years of hard work, Tom turned engineer while Mary good manager.多年的努力之后，汤姆成了工程师而玛丽成了一位好经理。5表示头衔和职务的名词作表语、同位语或补足语时。Dr. Peter Spence, headmaster of the school, told
