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1、现在完成时1. 现在完成时的构成：现在完成时由助动词havehas + 过去分词构成，第三人称单数用has，其余用have。I have been in Shenzhen for seven years.Lily hasnt been to America before.2. 现在完成时的用法：1）现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。 My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。 Im sure weve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。 She has arrived. 她到了。2
2、）表示持续到现在的动作或状态, for, since,yet等。如： I havent heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。 We havent seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。 They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。She has been with us since Monday.3. 常和现在完成时连用的时间状语：already, yet, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never，since，for等连用。
3、例如：She has already come. 她已经来了。I havent read it yet. 我还没读过这个。They have never been to Yanan. 他们从未去过延安。I havent seen him lately. 我近来没看到他。She has been an independent girl since her father passed away.自从父亲去世后，这女孩就变得独立了。Jack has been a doctor for 10 years.杰克做医生已经10年了。4. 现在完成时的否定式和疑问句。否定句：在havehas后加not 结构
4、：主语+hashave+not+过去分词+其他一般疑问句：HasHave提到主语前，其他照写。结构：HaveHas+主语+过去分词+其他特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句注意：肯定句中如有someand，在否定句或者一般疑问句中要变成anyor，即some-any and-or 以study 为例，其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下：肯定句否定句疑问句回答I have studied German before.I have not (havent) studied German before.Have you studied German before?Yes, I have. No,I h
5、avent have not.He has studied German before.He has nothasnt studied German before.Has he studied German before?Yes,he has.No,he hasnt have not.5. 部分不规则变化动词表Base FormPast FormPast Participlebearborebornbeatbeatbeatenbecomebecamebecomeblowblewblownbringbroughtbroughtbuildbuiltbuiltbuyboughtboughtcatch
6、caughtcaughtchoosechosechosencomecamecomedodiddonedrinkdrankdrunkdrivedrovedriveneatateeatenfallfellfallenfindfoundfoundflyflewflowngetgotgotgivegavegivengowentgonegrowgrewgrownhavehadhadhearheardheardkeepkeptkeptleaveleftleftloselostlostmakemademadeputputputreadreadreadrunranrunsaysaidsaidseesawsee
7、nsellsoldsoldsendsentsentsingsangsungsinksank/sunksunktaketooktakenteachtaughttaughtwritewrotewroteam, iswasbeenarewerebeen6.注意：1.since和for的区别since后接过去的某个时间点，如1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got therefor后接一段时间，表示“长达多久”，如ten years, a while, two days等。Exercise: 用since和for填空1. Jim has been in Ire
8、land _ Monday.2. Jill has been in Ireland _ three days.3. His aunt has lived in Australia _15 days.4. Mary is in her office. She has been there _ 7 oclock.5. India has been an independent country _1974.6. The bus is late. Theyve been waiting _ 20 minutes.7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have be
9、en empty _ many years.8. Mike has been ill _a long time. He has been in hospital _ October.2.表示短暂意义的动词如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此，不能说： He has come here for 2 weeks. The old man has died for 4 months. They have left only for 5 minutes. 以上三句话可
10、以改为：He has been here for 2 weeks.The old man has _ _ for 4 months.They have _ _ only for 5 minutes3.have (has) been（toin）+地点 和have (has) gone(to)+地点的区别：“曾到过某地” =“have (has) been”; 去过，现在已经回来了。“已经去某地”= “have (has) gone”。去了没有回来。试比较：Where has he been? 他刚才到哪里去了？（已经回来了）Where has he gone? 他上哪儿去了？（人不在）They
11、have been to Canada. 他们到过加拿大。（现在已经不在加拿大）They have gone to Canada. 他们到加拿大去了。（可能在路上和已经到加拿大）随堂练习：一、用单词的适当形式填空1.Shes _ (live) here ever since she was ten.2.Both of them _ (be) in Hongkong for ten days.3.Both of them _ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago.4. Half an hour _ (pass) since the train _ (leave).5.
12、Mary_(lose) her pen. _ you _(see) it here and there?6. _ you _ (find) your watch yet?7. -Are you thirsty? -No I _just _ (have) some orange.8. We already _ (return) the book.9. _ they _ (build) a new school in the village?10. I _(not finish) my homework . Can you help me?11. My father (read) the nove
13、l twice.12. I _ (buy) a book just now.13. I _ (lost ) my watch yesterday.二、单选题1. How long have you _ here?A. come B. got C. arrived D. been2. My grandpa died _.A. at the age of my 2 B. for 2 years C. when I was 2. D. my age was 6.3. Jane has _ to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow.A. been B. gone C. went D. never been4. It is ten years _ I last saw her.A. after B. since C. for D. that5.-Who will go to the station to meet Lorry? -I will. I _ her several times.A. met B. have met
