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1、传播优秀Word版文档 ,希望对您有帮助,可双击去除!主谓一致就近原则.就近原则短语 代表词汇:there be 句型 Neithernor Eitheror NotbutWhetheror Not onlybut also 【就远原则短语:谓语动词与前面主语一致代表词汇:as well as;together/along)with;rather than;except;besides;but;including;in addition to;apart from例如:He rather than I is right.Nobody but two students is in the cla
2、ssroom.传播优秀Word版文档 ,希望对您有帮助,可双击去除!主谓一致现象。有一类连接词,其后的谓语动词要与连接词前一部分的主语保持一致。此类连接词有with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except (but), including等。例如:Tracy, like many girls, loves dancing. 特蕾西像很多女孩一样,喜欢跳舞。All the students, including Tom, are leaving. 所有的学生,包括汤姆都走了。No one exc
3、ept (but) me knows about this news. 除了我没有人知道这个消息。就近原则现象。还有另一类连接词,句中的谓语动词要与靠近的主语保持一致。此类连接词有or, either. or, neither.nor, not only. but also等。例如:Neither you nor I am wrong. 你和我都没错。Not only the students but also the teacher wishes for a holiday. 不仅是学生,就连老师也期盼一个假期。1.There be 句型 There is a book and some p
4、encils on the desk. =There are some pencils and a book on the desk. 2.neither.nor. Neither you nor he is right. = Neither he nor you are right. 3.either.or. Either they or Jim is going to Shanghai next Saturday. = Either Jim or they are going to shanghai next Saturday. 4.not only.but also. Not only
5、Ann but also her parents stay at home every Sunday. = Not only Anns parents but also she stays at home every Sunday. 百度词条:就近原则 也称“邻近原则”“就近一致原则”(Proximity),即:谓语与靠近的名词、代词(有时不一定是主语)在“人称、数”上一致。 I.在正式文体中: 1.由下列词语连接的并列主语:or ; either or;nor; neitheror;whetheror;notbut; not onlybut also ; 等。e.g. What he doe
6、s or what he says does not concern me . 他的行为或言谈都与我无关。 Neither you nor I am wrong . 你和我都没错。 Not you but your father is to blame . 不是你,而是你父亲该受责备。 Not only you hut(also) he is wrong .不仅你错了,他也错了。 2. 在倒装句中:谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。e.g. 传播优秀Word版文档 ,希望对您有帮助,可双击去除!In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and t
7、he shouts of the people . 在远处,能听见鼓掌声和人们的呼喊声。 There is (are) a pen and some books on the desk .桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。 II. 非正式文体中: 有时依“就近一致原则”,但也可依“意义一致原则”或严格地依“语法一致原则”。e.g. Neither she nor I were there (意义一致) 我和他当时都不在那儿。(非正式) Neither she nor I was there .(就近一致)(译文同上句)(正式) 但是,如果依“就近一致原则”而与其他两项原则相矛盾时,则常常认为是不太合符规
8、范的。e.g. No one except his own supporters agree(s) with him .仅他自己的支持者同意他的意见。(依“就近”和“意义”一致的原则;但语法上,“No one ”才是主语,谓语要改成“agrees”。“写作中”一般要依“语法一致”原则。主谓一致分为两大类:就近一致原则和意义一致原则。 就近一致原则指的是,以靠近谓语动词的,作主语的名词作为人称和数的参考标准。 意义一致原则指的是,必须分析主语属于单数或是复数,可数或是不可数,然后才能决定谓语动词的人称和数的形式。 就近一致原则(1) 连词not only.but also/ neither.no
9、r/ or/ either.or/ not.but Not only the students but also the teacher is enjoying the film. 不仅学生而且老师都在津津乐道地看着电影。 Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it. 同学们和老师对此都一无所知。 Neither he nor they are wholly right. 他和他们,谁都不是完全对的。 Either he or I am right. 或者他对,或者我对。 就近一致原则(2) 传播优秀Word版文档
10、,希望对您有帮助,可双击去除!副词here/ there Here comes the bus. 瞧,公共汽车来了。 Here is a pencil-box for you. 这儿有一个铅笔盒要给你。 Here are my replies to your questions. 这些是我针对你的问题的回答。 There is an apple, two bananas and some oranges on the plates. 盘子里有一个苹果,两条香蕉和一些桔子。 主谓一致:and and的两边分别是不同的可数名词。 John and Mary are my friends. 约翰和玛
11、丽都是我的朋友。 and的两边分别是不同的不可数名词。 Both rice and wheat are grown in China. 中国有种水稻也有种小麦。 and的两边的单词构成一个统一的概念。 传播优秀Word版文档 ,希望对您有帮助,可双击去除!Fish and chips is a popular supper here. 炸鱼土豆片在这里是一种很受欢迎的晚餐。(鱼和土豆片作为整体) The poet and writer has come. 那位诗人兼作家来了。(同一个人既是诗人又是作家)主谓一致指的是句子的谓语动词与其主语在数上必须保持一致,句子的主语是第三人称单数,其谓语动词
12、须用单数,主语是复数,则谓语动词用复数。1主谓一致的三个原则。 英语中的主谓一致主要遵循三个原则:意义一致原则、语法一致原则和就近原则。这三个原则常常发生矛盾,但当发生冲突时,意义一致原则为优先考虑的原则。 (1)语法一致原则: 主语和谓语通常是在语法形式上取得一致,即主语是单数形式,谓语动词也应采取单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语动词也应采取复数形式。 She is a girl她是女孩。 They are all girls她们都是女孩。 The professor and writer is invited to many universities to deliver lectures.
13、 这位教授兼作家被邀请到很多大学作报告。 (教授与作家是同一个人,是单数.) The old are very well taken care of in our city老年人在我们城市被照顾得很好。( the old指所有的老年人,指一类人,为复数概念。) (2)就近原则: 谓语动词的人称和数由靠近它的主语决定。 There is a book,two pens and three pencils on the desk.传播优秀Word版文档 ,希望对您有帮助,可双击去除! 书桌上有一本书,两支钢笔和三支铅笔。 There are two pens,a book and three pe
14、ncils on the desk. 书桌上有两支钢笔,一本书和三支铅笔。 Either my sisters or my mother is coming. 不是我的姐妹们就是我的妈妈要来。 (3)意义一致原则: 主语形式上是单数,但表达复数意义,那么谓语动词要用复数形式;或主语形式上是复数,但表达单数意义,则谓语动词也采用单数形式。 The police are still running after the murderer. 警察还在追杀人犯。 The news was very exciting. 这则新闻令人激动。 My family were watching TV at 7 oclock. 7点钟的时候,我们全家人在看电视。My family has moved three times我们家搬过三次。2主谓一致的应用。 (1)单一主语的情况。 单一主语指的是由一个中心名词或名词短语构成的主语,其主语与谓语的一致情况如下:不定代词作主语 a不定代词either, neither, each, one, the other, another,someone,somebody,something,an