其次节英语诗歌的节奏英诗的节奏来自于诗的格律和音步，而音步是格律的基本单位音步是肯定数目的重读 音节和非重读音节依据肯定的规章排列而成音步的排列方式则构成英诗的格律依据每一 音步中重读音节（扬）和非重读音节（抑）的排列方式，可以把音步分成不同的种类，及格 律常见的英语诗歌格律有以下四种1） 抑扬格：音步由一个非重读音节加上一个重读音节构成2） 扬抑格：音步由一个重读音节加上一个非重读音节构成3） 扬抑抑格：音步由一个重读音节加上两个非重读音节构成4） 抑抑扬格：音步由两个非重读音节加上一个重读音节构成1） 抑扬格 iambus ,the iambus footShe walks in BeautyShe walks in beauty, like the night Of cloudless climes and starry skies; And all that*s best of dark and bright Meet in her aspect and her eyes: Thus mellow'd to that tender light Which heaven to gaudy day denies.One shade the more, one ray the less, Had half impair'd the nameless grace Which waves in every raven tress, Or softly lightens o'er her face;Where thoughts serenely sweet express How pure, how dear their dwelling-place.And on that cheek, and o'er that brow,So soft, so calm, yet eloquent,The smiles that win, the tints that glow,But tell of days in goodness spent,A mind at peace with all below,A heart whose love is innocent!(2) 扬抑格 trochee, the trochaic foot Men of England, wherefore ploughFor the lords who lay ye lowNever seek to tell thy love,Love that never told can be.(3) 扬抑抑格Cannon to right of them,Cannon to left of them,Cannon behind themVolley'd and thunder'd;Storm'd at with shot and shell,While horse and hero fell,They that had fought so wellCame thro1 the jaws of DeathBack from the mouth of Hell,All that was left of them,Left of six hundred.(4) 抑抑扬格Annabel lee抑扬格一音步Thus IPass byAnd dieAs oneUnknownAnd gone——Tell me not, in mournful numbers,Life is but an empty dream!For the soul is dead that slumbers,And things are not what they seem.Life is real! Life is earnest!And the grave is not its goal;Dust thou art, to dust returnest,Was not spoken of the soul.Not enjoyment, and not sorrow,Is our destined end or way;But to act, that each to-morrowFind us farther than to-day.Art is long, and Time is fleeting,And our hearts, though stout and brave,Still, like muffled drums, are beatingFuneral marches to the grave.In the world's broad field of battle,In the bivouac of Life,Be not like dumb, driven cattle!Be a hero in the strife!Trust no Future, howe'er pleasant!Let the dead Past bury its dead!Act,—act in the living Present!Heart within, and God o'erhead!Lives of great men all remind usWe can make our lives sublime,And, departing, leave behind usFootprints on the sands of time;Footprints, that perhaps another,Sailing o'er life's solemn main,A forlorn and shipwrecked brother,Seeing, shall take heart again.Let us, then, be up and doing,With a heart for any fate;Still achieving, still pursuing,Learn to labor and to wait.——H.W. Longfellow扬抑格四音步The trumpet of a prophecy! O wind,If winter comes, can spring be far behind?第三节英诗的音韵一英诗的音乐性还表现在音韵上。
音韵是通过重复使用相同或相近的音素而产生，是构成 诗歌音乐美和艺术情趣的重要元素英诗中常见的音韵形式可以分为两大类：行中韵(internal rhyme)和尾韵(end rhyme)1行中韵是指诗行内通过重复使用相同或相近似的音素而产生，具体表现为以下几种形式1) 头韵 alliteration头韵是指一行诗或一个句子中，较为接近的两个或两个以上的词起首辅音相同而产 生的音韵Look at the stars! Look, look up at the skies!0 look at all the fire-folk sitting in the air!The bright boroughs, the circle-citadels there!一G. M. Hopkins, “The Starlight Night"I slip, I slide, I gloom, I glance, Among my skinning swallows.Whereat with blade, with bloody blameful blade, He bravely broached his boiling bloody breast,日音头韵 internal or hidden alliteration Here in the long unlovely streetThe Scian and the Teian muse,The hero's harp, the lover's lute,Have found the fame your shores refuse. 头韵与双声(2) 腹韵 (assonance) 腹韵也称原音迭韵或半谐音。
From the cradle to the graveDo not go gentle into that good nightOld age should burn and rave at close of day.Rage, rage against the dying of the light.Though wise men at their end know dark is right, Because their words have forked no lightning they Do not go gentle into that good night.(3) 假韵(consonance)Dash-fish hand-send add-readAt once a voice arose among The bleak twigs overheadIn a full hearted evensongOf joy illimited.(4) 倒尾韵(Reverse Rhyme)great-grazed student-studio sell-sendsoul-sold well-weld painting-patienceA boy's will is the wind's willAnd the thoughts of youth are long long thoughts.(5) 类尾韵(pararhyme)sit-sat send-sold great-groatspit-spat sweet-sweatYour looks were like the raven,Your bonie brow was brent.2 尾韵(end rhyme)尾韵又称脚韵，是指诗行与诗行之间在行末的押韵。
尾韵常分为“完全韵"(perfect rhyme) 和"不完全韵"(imperfect rhyme)两种1) 完全韵一般来说，两个或两个以上的词在下列状况下才能被认为是押完全韵：1) 重读元音必需相同；2) 该元音后面的音素(辅音、辅音群，甚至轻读音节)必需完全相同；3) 该元音前面的辅音必需是不同的音素eg lie-high stay-play park-lark fate-late first-burstfollow-swallowheat-deceit rotten-forgotten win-begin sober-October(2) 不完全韵不完全韵也称半韵(half rhyme):两个或两个以上的词的重读元音相同，但元音前面和后 面的辅音却不相同这种不完全韵在某种状况下是一种腹韵在诗行末尾的体现，如fern-bird, faze-late, like-right假韵A quietness distilled,As twilight long begun,Or Nature, spending with herselfSequestered afternoon.类尾韵-脚韵Strange Meeting。