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1、2022年考博英语-东北师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题（ ） for a long time, the fields are all dried up.问题1选项A.There has been no rainB.Having no rainC.There having been no rainD.There being no rain【答案】C【解析】句意: 由于长时间没下雨，所有的农田都干涸了。语法题。考查there be的非限定性形式。题干后半部分已经是完整句子,因此前半部分应该为独立主格结构,即there be的非限定形式在做状语there being形式。而由
2、题干关键词for a long time判断此处应该用现在完成时。2. 单选题The purpose of a （ ）is to cut down imports in order to protect domestic industry from foreign competition.问题1选项A.taxB.tariffC.feeD.toll【答案】B【解析】句意: 征收关税的目的在于削减进口，从而保护国内产业免受国际竞争。名词辨析。Tax征税，出租车; tariff关税,收费表; fee费用， 酬金; toll 征税, 代价。根据后半句意推测B项正确。3. 单选题All the flig
3、hts （ ）because of the snowstorm, we had to take the train instead.问题1选项A.were canceledB.had been canceledC.having canceledD.having been canceled【答案】D【解析】句意: 所有航班因暴风雪都被取消，我们不得不改乘火车。语法题。考查独立主格结构。题干后半句已经完整,所以前半句是独立主格结构,排除A,B。由于动作发生在 “改乘火车”之前,而且是 “被取消”,所以用having been canceled。4. 单选题The research requires
4、 more money than （ ）.问题1选项A.have been put inB.has been put inC.being put inD.to be put in【答案】B【解析】句意:该研究需要的经费比己经投入的经费要多。语法题。考查现在完成时态。由句中关键词“requires”为一般现在时态知“钱的被投入属于己经发生的动作”，再由“money钱”表示单数知B项“has been put in（这里has前面省略了关系代词that）”正确。5. 单选题Although we can imagine life based on something other than carb
5、on chemistry, we know of no examples to tell us how such life might arise and survive. We must limit our discussion to life as we know it and the conditions it requires. The most important requirement is the presence of liquid water, not only as part of the chemical reactions of life, but also as a
6、medium to transport nutrients and wastes within the organism.The water requirement automatically eliminates many worlds in our solar system. The moon is airless, and although some data suggest ice frozen in the soil at its poles, it has never had liquid water on its surface. In the vacuum of the lun
7、ar surface, liquid water would boil away rapidly. Mercury too is airless and cannot have had liquid water on its surface for long periods of time. Venus has some traces of water vapor in its atmosphere, but it is much too hot for liquid water to survive. If there were any lakes or oceans of water on
8、 its surface when it was young, they must have evaporated quickly. Even if life began there, no traces would be left now.The inner solar system seems too hot, and the outer solar system seems too cold. The Jovian planets have deep atmospheres, and at a certain level, they have moderate temperatures
9、where water might condense into liquid droplets. But it seems unlikely that life could begin there. The Jovian planets have no surfaces where oceans could nurture the beginning of life, and currents in the atmosphere seem destined to circulate gas and water droplets from regions of moderate temperat
10、ure to other levels that are much too hot or too cold for life to survive.A few of the satellites of the Jovian planets might have suitable conditions for life. Jupiters moon Europa seems to have a liquid-water ocean below its icy crust, and minerals dissolved in that water would provide a rich brot
11、h of possibilities for chemical evolution. Nevertheless, Europa is not a promising site to search for life because conditions may not have remained stable for the billions of years needed for life to evolve beyond the microscopic stage. If Jupiters moonsinteract gravitationally and modify their orbi
12、ts, Europa may have been frozen solid at some points in history.Saturns moon Titan has an atmosphere of nitrogen, argon and methane and may have oceans of liquid methane and ethane on its surface. The chemistry of life that might crawl or swim on such a world is unknown, but life there may be unlike
13、ly because of the temperature. The surface of Titan is a deadly-179 C (-290 F). Chemica) reactions occur slowly or not at all at such low temperatures, so the chemical evolution needed to begin life may never have occurred on Titan.Mars is the most likely place for life in our solar system. The evid
14、ence, however, is not encouraging. Meteorite ALH84001 was found on the Antarctic ice in 1984. It was probably part of debris ejected into space by a large impact on Mars. ALH84001 is important because a team of scientists studied it and announced in 1996 that it contained chemical and physical trace
15、s of ancient life on Mars.Scientists were excited too, but being professionally skeptical, they began testing the results immediately. In many cases, the results did not confirm the conclusion that life once existed on Mars. Some chemical contamination from water on Earth has occurred, and some chemicals in the meteorite may have originated without the presence of life. The physical features that look like fossil bacteria may be mineral formations in the rock.Spacecraft now visiting Mars may help us understand the past history of water there and paint a more detailed pictu
