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1、word牛津初中英语8B unit1unit8 知识点归纳8B Unit1【考点精讲】一、核心词汇1past n考点点拨 past作名词，意为“过去”，其还可作介词和形容词，可用于如下情况：in the past（n）在过去；half past(prep.)five 5点半；in the past(adj.)three years在过去的3年里。如：When he walks past our desks, he always knocks ourbooks and pens off the desks.当他走过我们课桌的时候，他总是把我们的书本和钢笔从课桌上碰掉下来。The boy fini
2、shed his homework with the help of his fatherin the past.这个男孩过去是在他父亲的帮助下完成作业的。2present n考点点拨present作名词，意为“现在，目前”。At presentat the momentright now目前；其还可作形 容词，your present job你目前的工作；present用作名词，还可表示“礼物”，a birthday present -份生日礼物。如：He iswashing his clothes at present.现在他正在洗衣服。3northern adj。考点点拨 方位词：nor
3、th-northern; west-western; south-southern; east-eastern。如：in the north of China in the northern part of China在中国北部East China华东；North China华北The northern part of the city used to be sparselypopulated, but has now bee a cultural centre.城北过去人口稀少，但现在成了文化中心。4pollution n考点点拨 常见短语：air pollution空气污染；noise p
4、ollution噪音污染；light pollution光污染。如：I could hardly believe she had made a video about waterpollution by herself.我几乎不能相信她靠自己制作了一份有关水污染的录像。pollute作动词，意为“污染”，pollute the air污染空气。5interview n& vt考点点拨 interview作名词，意为“采访，会见”，还可作动词，意为“采访，面试”；interviewer作名词，意为“采访者，面试官”。如：Sally became amember of the pany after
5、 the jobinterview.萨莉在求职面试后成为了这家公司的一员。I interviewed Mr Zhang yesterday afternoonI had an interview with Mr Zhang yesterday afternoon.昨天下午我采访了先生。6return v.考点点拨 return作“返回”讲时是不及物动词，相当于e/get back: 作“归还”讲时是及物动词，相当于giveback。return to someplace回到某处；return sth to sb. give sthback to sb.把某物还给某人。return本身含有bac
6、k的意思，不能再和back连用。如：他借了我的手机，还没还给我。正：He borrowed my mobile phone and hasnt returned it to me.误：He borrowed my mobile phone and hasnt returned it back to me.二、核心句型1. You used to share food with me!你过去常和我分享食物！考点点拨 used to do sth过去常常做某事（现在不做了）；be used to do sth. be used for doing sth是被动语态结构，意为“被用来做某事”；be
7、used to doing sth意为“习惯于做某事”，其中to为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。如：I used to play tennis but I dont play it very often now.我过去常打网球，但现在不常打了。Stamps are used to post letters. Stamps are used for posting letters.邮票是用来寄信的。I am used to going to school by bus.我习惯于坐公交车去学校。2. When I got married in 1965, my wife and I moved t
8、woblocks away and weve lived in this area since then.当我1965年结婚时，我和妻子搬到两个街区以外，从那以后一直住在这个地区。考点点拨 marry sb.嫁给娶某人；get married结婚（动作）；be married to sb.与某人结婚（状态）；getmarried to so. 与某人结婚（动作）。如：They married their daughter to an old rich man.他们把女儿嫁给了一位年老的富人。This couple have been married for 50 years.这对夫妇结婚已有5
9、0年了。3. Anyway, its good to see the amazing changes in the town.不管怎样，看到小镇这些令人吃惊的变化还是很好的。考点点拨“Its+adj. (easy，important，bad，nice)+ (for sb.) to do sth”是英语中应用非常广泛的一个句型，意为“（对某人来说）做某事是（容易的，重要的，坏的，好的）”。其中it是形式主语，无实际意义，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式to do sth。如：It is important for us to master a foreign language.掌握一门外语对我们来说
10、很重要。三、重点语法现在完成时1基本结构为：助动词have/has+动词的过去分词(1)表示过去发生的行为、动作或情况对现在造成的影响或结果。时间副词常用just(刚刚)，already（已经），still(仍然)，recently（最近），yet（还、尚），ever（曾经），never（从不）。其中just，already用于肯定句；yet，ever，never常用于疑问句或否定句；still，recently可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句。如：Have you ever been to Hong Kong?你曾经去过吗？I havent got the letter from my uncl
11、e yet.我还没收到我叔叔的信。(2)表示从过去开始并持续到现在的行为、动作或情况。常与for或since引导的时间状语连用。for表示一段时间，后接时间段；since表示“自从”，后接时间点。(3)也常与so far(迄今为止)，in the past several years(在过去几年里)，ever since（迄今），in/during/over the past/last few years(在过去几年里)这类从过去到现在的时间状语连用。在此类句子中，谓语动词要用持续性动词，而不能是短暂性动词。如：The children have been away from home sin
12、ce the new term began.(木用left)自从新学期开始，孩子们就已经离开了家。2具体的几组时间短语辨析ago用于一般过去时（用瞬间动词）；sinceago用于现在完成时；in the past用于一般过去时；in the past few years用于现在完成时；just now(置于句末)用于一般过去时；just(置于句中)用于现在完成时。如：I bought this dictionary three years ago.I have had this dictionary for three years.I have had this dictionary sinc
13、e three years ago.这本字典是我三年前买的。还可以用“It is/has been+时间段+since从句”改写为：It is three years since I bought this dictionary.【考点精练】一、单项选择( )1. (2014)-Can you find our city _ a lot in recent years?-Yes. The road is wider and the buildings are taller. Ahas changed B changes C changed Dwill change( )2. (2014)Im
14、not hungry because I have_ had lunch A ever B never Cjust Dstill( )3. (2014黔南)He came back late, so his father was very angry.（选出与画线部分意思相同或相近的一项） A arrived B gave back C returned Dreached( )4. (2014)She used to _ a bus to school, but now she is used to _ to school. A taking; walk B take; walk C taki
15、ng; walking D. take; walking( )5. (2014)She _ for ten years and now she has a lovely daughter. A. married B has been married C. got married D. has got married二、根据句意及中文提示完成单词1What was your hometown like in the_（过去）?2Do you know what you should do at_（现在，目前）?3I think there will be more_（污染）in fifty years.三、用所给单词的适当形式填空1. (2014)-Guo Taos new book about his stories with his
