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1、2022年考博英语-华东交通大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Question 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:The word science is heard so often in modern times that almost everybody has some notion of its meaning. The meaning of the term is confusing, but everyone should understand its meaning and objectives. Just to m
2、ake the explanation as simple as possible, suppose science is defined as classified knowledge.Even in true sciences, distinguishing fact from fiction is not always easy. For this reason great care should be taken to distinguish between beliefs and truths. For example, hypotheses and theories are att
3、empts to explain natural phenomena. From these positions scientists continue to experiment and observe until they are proved. The exact status of any explanation should be clearly labeled to avoid confusion.The objectives of science are primarily the discovery and the subsequent understanding of the
4、 unknown. Man cannot be satisfied with recognizing that secrets exist in nature or that questions are unanswerable; he must solve them. Toward that end, specialists in the field of biology and related fields of interest are directing much of their time and energy.Actually, two basic approaches lead
5、to the discovery of new information. One, aimed at satisfying curiosity, is referred to as pure science. The other is aimed at using knowledge for specific purposes such as improving health, or creating new consumer products. In this case knowledge is put to economic use. Such an approach is referre
6、d to as applied science.Sometimes practical-minded people miss the point of pure science in thinking only of its immediate application for economic reward. Chemists responsible for discoveries could hardly anticipated that their findings would one day result in applications of such a practical natur
7、e as those directly related to life and death. The discovery of one bit of information opens the door to the discovery of another. However, one should remember that the construction of the microscope had to precede the discovery of the cell. Many scientists dedicating their lives to purer science ar
8、e not apologetic about ignoring the practical side of their discoveries; they know from experience that most knowledge is eventually applied.1. To define science, we can simply name it as（ ）.2.A scientist interested in general knowledge about oxygen would probably call his approach（ ）.3.Which of the
9、 following sentences about pure science is true?4.Which of the following is implied in the passage?5.Which of the following is the best title for this passage?问题1选项A.the study of nature and mankindB.an attempt to pose and prove hypotheses and theoriesC.categorized knowledgeD.the study of the unrelat
10、ed natural phenomena问题2选项A.applied scienceB.chemical scienceC.pure scienceD.environmental science问题3选项A.It may lead to antiscientific, impure results.B.It necessarily precedes applied science.C.It is not always as pure as we suppose.D.It necessarily resulted from applied science.问题4选项A.Pure scientis
11、ts should not be blamed for ignoring the practical side of their discoveries.B.Today few people have any notion of the meaning of science.C.In true sciences, it is not difficult to distinguish fact from fiction.D.Practical-minded people can understand the meaning and objectives of pure science.问题5选项
12、A.On Distinguishing Fact from FictionB.Biology and the Scientific AgeC.Hypotheses and TheoriesD.The Nature of Science【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:B第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段最后一句Just to make the explanation as simple as possible, suppose science is defined as classified knowledge.（为了使解释尽可能简单，假设将科学定义为分类
13、知识。），题干中“simply”与原文中“simple”相对应，表示简单地将科学定义为分类知识。因此C选项“分类知识”正确。A选项“对自然和人类的研究”，B选项“试图提出和证明假设和理论”和D选项“对不相关的自然现象的研究”，文中均没有提及，所以A，C，D错误。2.推理判断题。由题干关键词“approach”可以定位到文章第四段，该段介绍了两种科学方法，一种是aimed at satisfying curiosity（满足求知欲）的pure science（纯科学），另一种是aimed at using knowledge for specific purposes（将知识用于特定目的）的ap
14、plied science（应用科学），由此可以推断出题干中“interested in general knowledge about oxygen”（对氧气的常识感兴趣）属于纯科学的范畴。因此C选项“纯科学”正确。A选项“应用科学”是和纯科学相对的，所以错误。B选项“化学科学”和D选项“环境科学”文中均没有提及，所以B，D错误。3.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段中the construction of the microscope had to precede the discovery of the cell（显微镜的构造必须先于细胞的发现）和most knowledge is
15、 eventually applied（大多数知识最终都会得到应用），显微镜的构造是“纯科学”，细胞的发现是“应用科学”，从而得知纯科学是先于应用科学的，科学知识最终会得到应用。因此B选项“纯科学必然先于应用科学”正确。A选项“它可能导致反科学、不纯的结果”，C选项“它并不总是像我们想象的那样纯粹”在文中没有提及，所以A，C错误。D选项“它必然来源于应用科学”，由原文可知，纯科学是先于应用科学的，而不是来源于应用科学，所以D错误。4.推理判断题。由A选项可以定位到文章最后一段最后一句Many scientists dedicating their lives to purer science
16、are not apologetic about ignoring the practical side of their discoveries（许多献身于纯科学的科学家并不因为忽视了他们发现的实用性而感到抱歉），意思是纯理论科学家不用因忽视发现的实用性而抱歉，因为大部分科学发现最终都会得到应用的。因此A选项“纯理论科学家不应因忽视他们发现的实用性而受到指责”正确。由B选项可以定位到文章第一段第一句The word science is heard so often in modern times that almost everybody has some notion of its meaning.（科学这个词在现代社会中经常能听到，以至于几乎每个人都对
