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1、车辆与动力工程学院毕业设计说明书轻型货车变速器设计摘 要变速器用于转变汽车发动机曲轴的转矩和转速，目的是以适应汽车在起步、加速、行驶以及克服各种道路阻碍等不同行驶条件下对驱动轮起引力及车速的不同要求的需要，使汽车获得不同的牵引力和速度，同时使发动机在最有利的工况范围内工作。变速器的结构对汽车的动力性、经济性、操纵的可靠性与轻便性、传动的平稳性与效率都有直接的影响。本次设计参考BJ1041QF4D轻型载货汽车变速器设计，设计一款5+1有超速挡的机械式变速器。设计时，首先要根据发动机与汽车的转速求出总传动比，然后初步选定主减速器传动比。变速器各挡传动比可以根据近似等比数列的原则求出各挡的传动比，但
2、各挡传动比都不宜过大。采用自锁及互锁装置、倒挡安全装置，可使操纵可靠，不跳挡、乱挡、自动脱挡和误挂倒挡；除一、倒挡外，其余各挡均采用斜齿圆柱齿轮。确定传动比后，根据传动比计算各挡齿轮的模数、齿数、压力角和螺旋角。全套图纸，加153893706按照传统设计方法，本着半经验半理论的设计原则通过类比法确定方案，参照已有车型变速器结构，采用主、副变速箱结构，从而提高了轴的刚度。换挡机构全部使用锁环式同步器进行换挡，这样能保证迅速、无冲击、无噪声换挡，使换挡更加平稳。最后以机械零件的强度和刚度理论对确定的形状和尺寸进行必要的计算和校核，以此确定变速器的内部结构，以满足约束条件，进而缩短设计周期，降低设计
3、成本。通过分析、计算、验证得知，本次设计的变速器能为整车提供合理的变速速比，使车辆系统的动力性、经济性得到最大的发挥。关键词：变速器，设计，同步器，齿轮轴THE TRANSMISSION DESIGN OF LIGHT TRUCK ABSTRACTThe transmission gearbox uses in transforming the motor car engine cranks torque and the rotational speed, the goal is by adapts the automobile, in the start, the acceleration,
4、 go as well as overcome each kind of path hindrance and so on under the different travel condition to have the attraction and the vehicle speed various requirement need to the driving gear, causes the automobile to obtain the different force of traction and the speed, simultaneously causes the engin
5、e to work in the most advantageous operating mode scope. Transmission gearboxs structure to automobiles power, efficient, the operation reliability and the portability, the transmission stability and the efficiency has the direct influence.This design refers to the BJ1041QF4D light truck transmissio
6、n gearbox design, designs one section 5+1 to have the overdrive transmission mechanical transmission gearbox. When design, first of all, according to the engine and vehicle speed the transmission ratio calculated, and then initially identified the main reducer transmission ratio. Transmission gearbo
7、x various grade of velocity ratios may act according to the approximate geometric series the principle to extract various files the velocity ratio, but various grade of velocity ratios not suitable oversized. Uses the self-locking and the interlock installment, the reverse gear safety device, may ca
8、use the operation to be reliable, does not jump the files, the chaotic files, to be temporarily out of production automatically with hangs the reverse gear by mistake; Besides one, reverse gear, other various grade uses the helical gear. After definite velocity ratio, calculates various grade of gea
9、rs modulus, the number of teeth, the angle of pressure and the angle of spiral according to the velocity ratio.According to the traditional design methods, in the semi-half of experience in the design principles by analogy to determine the plan, in the light of existing models transmission structure
10、, a Lord, vice gearbox structure, so as to enhance the rigidity of the shaft. Shift all agencies to use lock ring simultaneously with a shift, this can ensure rapid, no impact, not noise shift to shift more smoothly. Finally, mechanical parts of the theory of strength and stiffness to determine the
11、shape and size of the necessary calculations and check in order to determine the internal structure of transmission to meet the constraints and thereby shorten the design cycle and reduce design costs. Through analysis, calculation, verify that the current design of the vehicle for the transmission
12、can provide a reasonable speed ratio, so that the momentum of the vehicle system, the economy of the best play.KEY WORDS：Transmission, design, synchromesh, gear shaft符 号 说 明 汽车总质量 重力加速度 道路最大阻力系数 驱动轮的滚动半径 mm 发动机最大扭矩 主减速比 汽车传动系的传动效率 一挡传动比 汽车满载载荷 N 路面附着系数 第二轴与中间轴的中心距 mm 中间轴与倒挡轴的中心距 mm 第二轴与倒挡轴的中心距 mm 中心
13、距系数 直齿轮模数 斜齿轮法向模数 齿轮压力角 斜齿轮螺旋角 齿轮宽度 mm 齿轮齿数 齿轮变位系数 齿轮弯曲应力 齿轮接触应力 齿轮所受圆周力 轴向力 径向力 计算载荷 应力集中系数 摩擦力影响系数 齿轮材料的弹性模量 重合度影响系数 主动齿轮节圆半径 mm 从动齿轮节圆半径 mm 主动齿轮节圆处的曲率半 mm 从动齿轮节圆处的曲率半径 mm 扭转切应力 轴的抗弯截面系数 轴的材料的剪切弹性模量 轴截面的极惯性矩 垂直面内的挠 mm 水平面内的挠 mm 目 录第一章 前言 1 1.1 手动变速器（MT） 1 1.2 自动变速器（AT） 2 1.3 自动/手动变速器（AMT） 2 1.4 无级变速器（CVT）
