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1、考研英语长难句分析技巧及实战70例长难句在考研阅读、完型填空和翻译中的浮现频率很高，无论句子有多长、构造有多复杂，它都由某些基本的成分构成的。从构造来说，英语句子中，除了谓语之外，其他的成分均可以由从句或者非谓语动词来充当。从句子自身是一种完整的句子，因此，从句与从句之间的关系也许包孕、套嵌，也也许并列，平行。从功能来说，英语有三大复合句，即:名词性从句，涉及主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句;形容词性从句，即我们平常所说的定语从句;状语从句。非谓语动词可以有自己的时态和语态（过去分词除外），也可以跟自己的逻辑主语、宾语、状语等成分，构成一种非谓语动词构造。由于非谓语动词和从句的这些特点
2、，使英语句子从理论上讲可以无限延长。英语长句的分析措施：去枝叶，留主干。1） 划出句子中的定语从句和状语从句;2）划出所有介词短语（位于be动词后的除外）；3）名词性从句看作一种整体,找出句中所有的谓语构造、非谓语构造、介词短语和从句的引导词;4） 非谓语动词构造看作一种整体；5）找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语，即句子的主干；6）分析从句的构造和非谓语动词的内部构造。长难句分析的环节举例：典型例题（考研完型填空第二段）In a significant tightening of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancel
3、lor, will introduce a draft bill that will propose making payments to witnesses illegal and will strictly control the amount of publicity that can be given to a case before a trial begins.分析:第一，划出定语从句和状语从句: that will propose making payments to witnesses illegal and will strictly control the amount o
4、f publicity /that can be given to a case /before a trial begins.第二，划出介词短语：In a significant tightening of legal controls over the press第三，句子的构造分析:（1）主干构造是主语（Lord Irvine含同位语the Lord Chancellor）+将来时谓语（will introduce）+宾语（a draft bill）；（2）that引导的定语从句修饰draft bill,其中，will propose 是第一种谓语，making payments to
5、witnesses illegal是一种动名词短语做宾语，在动名词短语内部，payments to witnesses做making的宾语，illegal是宾补；第二个谓语是will strictly control, the amount of publicity是它的宾语。that can be given to a case before a trial begins是孕具有一种时间状语从句（before a trial begins）的定语从句，修饰publicity。请人们按照上述环节认真分解如下70个句子，并把分解后的句子读熟甚至背过，则基本上可以解决考研长难句问题。1. This
6、 will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields.构造分析:句子的主干是This will be particularly true。since引导因素状语从句。此从句中又套嵌一种由关系代词that引导的定语从句，修饰the high-energy American
7、 fashion。在定语从句中，that做主语，makes做谓语，it做形式宾语，不定式短语to combine few farmers with high yields则是真正的宾语（不定式短语内部to combine是主干，few farmers是宾语，with high yields是状语），possible做宾语补足语。this指代前句中提到的这种困境。energy pinch译为“能源的匮乏”;infashion译为“用措施、方式”。译文：这种困境将是拟定无疑的，由于能源的匮乏，高能量消耗这种美国耕种方式将很难在农业中继续下去，而这种耕种方式使投入少数农民就可获得高产成为也许。2.
8、Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter，we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a“valid”or“fair”comparison.构造分析:句子的主干是we must be sure。since引导因素状语从句the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter。主句中又有that引导的宾语从句that the scale w
9、ith which we are comparing our subjects provides a“valid”or“fair”comparison。此宾语从句中又套嵌一种由介词with+which引导的定语从句with which we are comparing our subjects修饰先行词the scale。scale在此处意为“尺度、衡量原则”。译文：既然对智力的评估相比较而言的，那么我们必须保证，在对我们的对象进行比较时，我们所用的尺度可以提供“有效的”或“公平的”比较。3. In general，the tests work most effectively when th
10、e qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted can be not well defined.构造分析:句子的框架是the tests work most effectively whenand least effectively when。and连接两个并列分句，每个并列分句中皆有一种when引导的时间状语从句分别阐明work most effectively和and（work）least effec
11、tively。第二个时间状语从句中尚有一种主语从句whatpredicted。the tests是主句的主语，work为动词做谓语。qualities在此处是可数名词，不译为“质量”，而译为“特性”。defined不能直译为“被定义为”，而应译为积极语态“界定”。译文：一般来说，当所需要测定的特性能被精确界定期，测试最为有效;而当所测定或预测的东西不能被明确界定期，测试效果最差。4. For example，they do not compensate for gross social inequality，and thus do not tell how able an underprivi
12、leged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.构造分析:句子的框架是they do not compensate，and thus do not tell how。and连接两个并列分句，第二个并列分句中由how引导的宾语从句是一种带有虚拟条件句的主从复合句，其中had he grown up（=If he had grown up）是省略了连词if的非真实条件句。主句主语的they，在此代指上文提到的tests; able在句中作might have been的表语。und
13、erprivileged在此不能译为“没有特权的”，而译为“没有地位的”或“物质条件差的”。译文：例如，测试并不能弥补明显的社会不公;因此，它们不能阐明一种物质条件差的年轻人，如果在较好的环境中成长的话，会有多大才干。5.It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset：it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans，or with no consideration
14、 at all.构造分析:句子的框架是It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that。冒号后的复合句是对冒号前部分作进一步阐明。复合句中that引导宾语从句，从句中有eitheror引导的两个并列的介词构造作状语，修饰动词be treated，其中第一种with介词构造中尚有一种省略了关系代词that或which的定语从句humans extend to other humans，修饰the consideration。it代指上文的观点，即如果对人权没有达到一致见解，而谈论动物的权
15、利是徒劳的。介词短语at the outset译为“从一开始”。动词invites应转译为“使”、“让”或“促使”。动宾构造extend consideration to意为“予以关怀或关怀”，consideration不应译为“考虑”。译文：这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向极端，它使人们觉得应当这样看待动物:要么像对人类自身同样关怀体谅，要么完全冷漠无情。6. But even more important，it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past，for what they were seei
16、ng were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.构造分析:句子的框架是it was the farthest that。但It wasthat在本句中不是强调句型。it是指上句中所提到的150亿年前形成的巨大云团（a strip of enormous cosmic clouds some 15 billion light-years from earth）;that引导的应是一种定语从句，修饰先行词the farthest。for引导的是表达因素的分句，分句中尚有that引导的定语从句，修饰the patterns and structure。译文：但更重要的是，这是科学家们所能观测到的有关过去的最为遥远的景象，由于她们看到的是150亿年前宇宙云的形状和构造。7. Thus it happ
