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1、三. 关联词Grammar The Attributive Clause指人指物主语whothatwhich that宾语who whomthatthat which表语thatthat定语whose of whomwhose of which状语when where why一. Function （功能） 在复合句中起形容词作用， 做定语二. Terms （术语）先行词-被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词关联词-用来引导定语从句的词叫做关联词， 在意义上等同于先行词四. 关联词的基本用法Apronoun （关系代词的用法）（按照关系代词在从句中的句子成分复习）1. subject （关系代词在从句
2、中做主语）*关系代词不可省略The number of people lost homes in the earthquake reached as many as 250,000The sound sounded like a train was going under my houseThose want to go must meet at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morningI was the only person was sent abroad to study2. object（关系代词在从句中做宾语）*关系代词可省略Where is the
3、 man I saw this morning?The purpose of the meeting is to work out the problems we met in the workThe man I spoke to just now is our new teacherI will do everything _I can to help youThe finger _I put into my mouth wasnt the one _I had dipped into the cup3. predicative （关系代词在从句中做表语）指人指物都用 thatHe has
4、changed He is not the man he was beforeI am not the young man I used to beChina today isn t the country she was 20 years ago4 attribute （关系代词在从句中做定语）*关系代词不可省略Wang Hua is the student handwriting is the best in the classDo you know the boyfather is a doctor? He lived in the room windows were brokenI b
5、ought a book writer is a peasant We had a meeting purpose was completely unclearThis is the old man in house I lived when the war broke outExercises:1 Anyone breaks the rules must be punished 2 My sister doesn t like the man she work with3 She told me all had happened to her4 Millions of men died an
6、d were buried under the wall theybuilt5 The family, lived upstairs, like music very much6 The desk leg is broken is mine7 Do you know the man we shook hands with at the school gate?8 The policemen are looking for a stolen car, colour is black9 She is a nurse, work is to take care of the patientB. ad
7、verb(关系副词的用法)1. when在从句中做状语，表示时间，修饰表示时间的先行词=介词+whichHe often thinks of his childhood he worked for the landlord.That was the year he joined thearmy.The days we used “foreign oil” are gone.I still remember the day he was killed.I still remember the days we lived in the mountains./I stayed in hospital
8、.Notes:如果先行词在定语从句中不做时间状语，即使先行词表示时间，定语从句也不用when来引导1) I still remember the years we worked together.we spent together.2) The daywe played together isn9t easily forgotten.we are looking forward to has come at last.3) Ill never forget the yearthe war broke out. followed.4) The day we went on holiday is
9、National Day.we still remember5) We must remember the time we met each other.we wasted in the past.6) Ill never forget the days we spent together. we spent our holidays together.2where在从句中做状语，表示地点，修饰表示地点的先行词=介词+whichI know the farm he lives.This is the factory my father works.Is there shop around I
10、can get any fruit ? This is the bridge he died at his post.Note:如果先行词在定语从句中不做地点状语，即使先行词表示地点，定语从句也不用where来引导This is the school I studied 20 years ago.we built 20 years ago. trains teachers.He went to the shop he could buy some gifts.wasnt far.he could choose some fruit from.sold some fruit.he likes b
11、est.That is the factory we visited last week.we visited some modern equipment last week.makes TV sets.TV parts are made.3. why 在从句中做状语， 表示原因， 修饰先行词 reason, cause, explanation. why =介词 for +which The reason he came late was that he didnt catch the bus.Id like to know the reason you changed your plan.
12、This is the explanation he put off the journey.That is the reason she failed.Note:如果先行词在定语从句中不做原因状语，即使先行词是reason, cause, explanation,定语从句也不用why This is the reason he didnt come.that explained his absence.he gave me.五关联词的使用区别1. that & who1）主句是 who 引导的疑问句，定语从句用 that 引导不用 who 避免重复 Who is the person is
13、standing at the gate?2）先行词是 those （指人） the one, anyone , anybody, few 定语从句用 who 引导 Those want to go to the Great Wall must be here by 8 tomorrow morning.Anyone wants to go to the Great Wall must be here by 8 tomorrow morning.3）在非限制性定语从句中， 指人定语从句用 who 引导My brother, now lives in Shanghai , is a teache
14、r.4）先行词指集体名词中的成员，定语从句用 who 引导The family, lived on the second floor, are football fans.The family, was a large one, was broken up by the war.5）关系代词在定语从句做表语，指人（指物）定语从句用that引导 He isn t the boyhe was before.2. that & which1）下列词做先行词， all, anything, nothing, everything, little, few, much, none （something
15、除外）定语从句用 that 引导 The book contains little is useful. There is nothing is too difficult for me .2）下列词做先行词的定语， any， the only, all ,every ,no, much, few, little, the very, 以及序数词和最高级，定语从句用 that 引导The boy gave his parents the little money _he had earned.The last place _we visited in Beijing was the Summer Palace.They went to the library to look up any information _he needed.3）先行词分别指人又指物时，定语从句用 that 引导I d like to vi
