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1、2022年考博英语-南京大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题As the worlds largest grain exporter, the United States has （ ） power over the world food distribution system.问题1选项A.assortedB.unrivaledC.compoundedD.intrigued【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。Assorted “各种各样的”；unrivaled “至高无上的,无敌的”；compounded “复合的,”intrigued “好奇的，被迷住的”。句意：美国作为世界上最
2、大的粮食出口国，对世界粮食分配系统有着最高的权利。选项B符合题意。2. 单选题His（ ）directions confused us； we did not know which of the two roads to take.问题1选项A.ambiguousB.complicatedC.arbitraryD.intricate【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。ambiguous “模糊不清的”；complicated “复杂的”；arbitrary “任意的，武断的，专制的” ；intricate “复杂的，错综的”。他模糊不清的指导使我们困惑，我们不知道该走哪条路。选项A符合题意。
3、3. 单选题Any property that a bankrupt person may still have is usually divided among the various people to whom money are owed.问题1选项A.propertyB.may still haveC.amongD.are owed【答案】D【解析】根据题中的money为不可数名词，可知D选项应该用is owed，句意：破产人的财产仍然会被分给债权人。选项D符合题意。4. 翻译题1.科学家是一小群努力洞悉自然,在表面的杂乱无序中寻求规律的人,他们具有特殊的能力进行思考与分析,具有无限
4、的耐心进行观察与收集数据。2.当时我们所面临的最关键的问题是熟练劳动力的缺乏,用以培训这种劳动力的大学师资不足,以及我们的大学中由于用于教育和科研的师资和现代化设备短缺造成的研究能力衰退。3.科学是讲求实际的。科学是老老实实的学问,来不得半点虚假,需要付出艰巨的劳动。同时,科学也需要创造,需要幻想,有幻想才能打破传统的束缚,才能发展科学。4.如果你着手干一番事业而失败了,不要丧失信心。“我失败了三次”与“我是一个失败者”之间有着天壤之别。只要你对自己不持否定的想法,不把自己与失败等同起来,而是试图从失败中吸取教训,你很可能在未来取得成功。【答案】1. Scientists are a grou
5、p of people who possess special abilities to think and analyze things and have endless patience in observing and data collecting. They all try to discern the nature and find out regulations through the disorderly appearance.2. The most vital problems we faced with at that time were the shortage of l
6、aborers, the lack of university teachers in the training of those laborers, and the decline in the researching capability caused by the lack of university teachers and modern equipment used for education and technology research.3. Science always focuses on realities. It needs the conscientious requi
7、rement for knowledge and permits of no false. Meanwhile, it involves peoples creation and imagination. And imagination can break the limitation of traditions and develop the science constantly.4. Dont be disappointed if you fail in the career you have done. The word “I have experienced failure for t
8、hree times” is absolutely different from the word “I am a loser”. As long as you dont deny yourself, do not identify yourself with the failure, and try to learn something from your failure, you will be likely to succeed in the future.5. 单选题He felt a great sense of （ ）after his success.问题1选项A.fulfill
9、mentB.fortificationC.innovationD.illumination【答案】A【解析】名词词义辨析。fulfillment “履行，实行，满足”；fortification “防御工事”；innovation “创新”；illumination “阐明”。句意：成功后他获得了一种满足感。选项A符合题意。6. 单选题He studied at a famous college when he was young, （ ） contributed to his success in later life.问题1选项A.whichB.itC.thatD.what【答案】A【解析
10、】复合句语法知识。对定语从句的考查。题目为非限制性定语从句。选项A符合题意。7. 单选题According to anthropologists, people in preindustrial societies spent 3 to 4 hours per day or about 20 hours per week doing the work necessary for life. Modem comparisons of the amount of work performed per week, however, begin with the Industrial Revoluti
11、on (17601840) when 10 to 12-hour workdays with six workdays per week were the norm. Even with extensive time devoted to work, however, both incomes and standards of living were low. As incomes rose near the end of the Industrial Revolution, it became increasingly common to treat Saturday afternoon a
12、s a half-day holiday. The half holiday had become standard practice in Britain by the 1870s，but did not become common in the United States until the 1920s.In the United States, the first third of the twentieth century saw the workweek move from 60 hours per week to just 50 hours by the start of the
13、1930s. In 1914 Henry Ford reduced daily work hours at his automobile plants from 9 to 8. In 1926 he announced that henceforth his factories would close for the entire day on Saturday. At the time, Ford received criticism from other firms such as United States Steel and Westinghouse, but the idea was
14、 popular with workers.The Depression years of the 1930s brought with them the notion of job sharing to spread available work around; the workweek dropped to a modem low for the United States of 35 hours. In 1938 the Fair Labor Standards Act mandated a weekly maximum of 40 hours to begin in 1940，and
15、since that time the 8-hour day, 5-day workweek has been the standard in the United States. Adjustments in various places, however, show that this standard is not immutable. In 1987, for example, German metalworkers struck for and received a 37. 5-hour workweek, and in 1990 many workers in Britain won a 37-hour week. Since 1989, the Japanese government has moved from a 6-to a 5-day workweek and has set a national target of 1,800 work hours per year for the average worker. The average amount of work per year in Japan in 1989 was 2,088 h
