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1、考研考博-考博英语-清华大学模拟考试题含答案1. 单选题After 1989, the external （ ） vanished, but the danger to American civilization remained.问题1选项A.disruptionB.menaceC.liabilityD.emergence【答案】B【解析】名词辨析。disruption 中断，分裂；menace 威胁，胁迫; liability 责任，义务；emergence 出现，出来，暴露。句意: 1989年之后，外部 消失了，但对美国文明的危险依然存在。 因此B项符合句意和逻辑。2. 单选题The s
2、peaker was very much（ ）by rude words and behavior of the audience in the hall.问题1选项A.jerkedB.incensedC.lacedD.limped【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。根据句意，演讲者被rude words and behavior激怒。jerked 急推，猛推；incensed 激怒；laced 系牢，系紧；limped 跛行，句意:演讲者被粗鲁的言行 （ ）。选项B符合句意。3. 单选题It is known to all that children in this region have st
3、rong（ ）to swimming in summerbecause of the hot weather.问题1选项A.inclinationB.exposureC.fluxD.correlation【答案】A【解析】名词词义辨析。inclination 倾向；exposure 暴露；flux 涨潮；熔化；correlation 相互关系，相关性。句意: 由于夏天天热，这个地区的孩子对于游泳都有强烈的 。选项A符合句意。4. 单选题To our（ ）, Geoffreys illness proved not to be as serious as we had feared.问题1选项A
4、.reliefB.viewC.anxietyD.judgment【答案】A【解析】固定搭配。后半句说: Geoffreys illness proved not to be as serious as we had feared, 即杰弗里的病没有我们担心的那么严重。因此推测前面应该是 “我们松了一口气”。to our relief为固定搭配, 表示 “松了一口气”。5. 单选题The local residents were unhappy about the curfew in this region and decided to（ ）it.问题1选项A.disgraceB.disguis
5、eC.defyD.distress【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。disgrace 玷污；disguise 假装，伪装；defy 不服从，公然反抗；distress 使悲痛，使穷困；句意:当地居民对该地区的宵禁不满意,决定（ ） 。选项C符合句意。6. 翻译题Understanding this transition requires a look at the two-sided connection between energy and human well-being. Energy contributes positively to well-being by providing su
6、ch consumer services as heating and lighting as well as serving as a necessary input to economic production. But the costs of energy including not only the money and other resources devoted to obtaining and exploiting it, but also environmental and sociopolitical impacts detract from well-being.For
7、most of human history, the dominant concerns about energy have centered on the benefit side of the energy-well-being equation. Inadequacy of energy resources or more often of the technologies and organizations for harvesting, converting, and distributing those resources has meant insufficient energy
8、 benefits and hence inconvenience, deprivation and constraints on growth. The 1970s，then, represented a turning point. After decades of constancy or decline in monetary costs and of relegation of environmental and sociopolitical costs to secondary status energy was seen to be getting costlier in all
9、 respects. It began to be probable that excessive energy costs could pose threats on insufficient supply. It also became possible to think that expanding some forms of energy supply could create costs exceeding the benefits.【答案】参考译文：要理解这种转变，需要考察一下能源和人类幸福之间的双重关系。从积极的方面来看，能源促进了人类幸福，不但服务了经济生产，而且为人类提供了消
10、费服务，如供热和照明等。但另一方面，能源的成本却破坏了人类的幸福，它不但包括投入开采和应用能源的资金和其他资源，而且包括能源对环境和社会政治所造成的影响。在人类历史的大部分时间里，其主要关注的是能源和幸福关系的积极方面，能源短缺或者是更为常见的是在开采、转化和分配能源的技术和组织上的不足减少了能源的积极作用，从而产生能源使用的不便，能源使用权利被剥夺，其发展也受到限制。20世纪70年代是一个转折点。此前的几十年中能源的资金成本一直保持稳定甚至有所下降，环境和社会政治成本在屈居几十年的次要地位之后，能源在各个方面的成本都在增加。能源使用代价过高的危害可以同能源短缺的危害相提并论。也有可能出现提供
11、某些能源供应所付出的代价要大于获得的利益这种情况。7. 单选题The changes in globally averaged temperature that have occurred at the Earths surface over the past century are similar in size and timing to those（1）by models that take into account the combined influences of human factors and solar variability. To （2） the question of
12、 attribution requires the （3） of more powerful and complex methods beyond the use of global averages alone. New studies have focused on（4） maps or patterns of temperature change in （5） and in models. Pattern analysis is the climatologically equivalent of the more comprehensive tests in the medical a
13、nalogy mentioned（6）, and makes it possible to achieve more definitive（7）of the observed climate changes to a particular cause or causes. The expected influence of human activities is thought to be much more complex than uniform warming over the entire surface of the Earth and over the whole（8） cycle
14、. Patterns of change over space and time therefore provide a more powerful （9） technique. The basic idea（10）pattern-based approaches is that different（11）causes of climate change have different characteristic patterns of climate response or fingerprints. Attribution studies seek to（12） a fingerprint
15、 match between the patterns of climate change（13） by models and those actually observed.The most recent assessment of the science suggests that human activities have led to a discernible （14）on global climate and that these activities will have an increasing influence on future climate. The burning of coal, oil and natural gas, as well as various agricultural and industrial practices, are（15）the composition of the atmosphere and contributing to climate change. These human activities have led to increased atm
