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1、 英语句子成分定义 ：构成句子的各个局部叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分：主语和谓语次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语Imetmy bestfriendTomat the station yesterday.主语：句子的主体Studentsstudy English.Smoking is bad for health.What he has said is true. 从句做主语主语从句It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.It是形式主语，从句that.tree才是真正
2、主语主语从句练习：划出句中主语The sun rises in the east.Twenty years is a short time in history. The poor are now living in the shelter. Seeing is believing.To see is to believe. What he needs is a book.谓语：动词或者动词词组1、 简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：Studentsstudy English2、复合谓语：1由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。 如：He can speak English. He ha
3、s caught a bad cold.2由系动词加表语构成。 如：We are students.练习：选出如下句子中的谓语Idontlikethepictureonthewall.Iusuallygotoschoolbybus.Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?Tomdidntdohishomeworkyesterday. WhatIwanttotellyouisthis.Wehadbettersendforadoctor.Heisinterestedinmusic.He can speak English well.表语：系动词后面的成分名
4、词作表语 I am a student.My father is a teacher.形容词作表语 Thistableislong.You look young.Itgetscold. Itsoundsinteresting.副词作表语 Everyone is here.介词短语作表语 They are in the park.不定式作表语 My job is to teach them English.动名词作表语 Her job is training the nurses.从句作表语表语从句 That is why he didnt e to school yesterday.系动词：(
5、1) 状态: be 动词(2) 持续：表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep,remain,stay,rest,lie,stand.(3) 表像：表示“看起来好似,主要有seem,appear,look(4) 感官：表示“起来,有feel摸起来,感觉,smell闻起来,sound听起来,taste尝起来,吃起来 等(5) 变化：表示主语变成什么样,主要有bee,grow,turn,fall,get,go,e,run(6) 终止：主要有prove,turn out结果是,证明是等.如：His story proved false.他讲的情况原来是假的.My intuition turn
6、ed out to be correct.我的直觉证明是对的.练习：划出句中表语The speech is exciting. They seem to know the truth.Time is precious.Im tired today.That remains a puzzle.I dont feel sad. Thats why he came here.宾语：动作承受者名/代词作宾语 He never forgives others. He often helps me. 不定式作宾语 He likes to sleep in the open air.动名词作宾语 The A
7、mericans enjoyed living in China.从句做宾语宾语从句 I believe that they can finish the work in time.We found it necessary to study English.it形式宾语，to do是真正宾语宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人.Please pass me the book. me是间接宾语，the book是直接宾语练习：划出句中宾语Show your passport, please. She didnt say anything. How many do you wa
8、nt? - I want two. They sent the injured to hospital. They asked to see my passport. I enjoy working with you. Did you write down what he said? I succeeded in passing the exam.宾语补足语：有些与物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整，否如此就不完整。宾补主要用来说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足。I found the book interesting.I make my student
9、s intertested in my class.She asked me to lend her a hand.We made him monitor in our class.We found him in trouble now. We found it necessary to study English.it形式宾语，to do是真正宾语necessary是宾补练习：划出句中宾补Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.Heaskshertotaketheboyoutofschool.Shefindit
10、difficulttodothework.TheycallmeLilysometimes.IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.注：直接宾语和宾补的区分：前面宾语和宾补有主谓逻辑关系，而间接宾语和直接宾语没有主谓逻辑关系，例如1. We made himmonitor in our class.我们选他做我们班的班长。宾语him与monitor是主谓关系He is monitor他是班长，所以这里monitor是宾补2. He bought his girlfriendsome flowers.他买给他女朋友一些花。宾语his girlfriend与some flowers没有逻辑关系
11、，不能说“他女朋友是花所以some flowers是直接宾语定语：用来修饰名词或代词的成分形容词作定语The black bike is mine.代词作定语 Whats your name?名词作定语 They made some paper flowers.介词短语作定语 The boys in the room are in Class Three, Grade One.不定式作短语 I have lots of homework to do从句作定语 定语从句 The tall boy who is standing there is Peter.练习：划出句中定语He is a cl
12、ever boy.There are 54 students in our class.Do you know Bettys sister?.There is a sleeping baby in bed.His spoken language is good.The girl in red is his sister.We have a lot of work to do.The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.Do you know the man who spoke just now?同位语：当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置
13、时,一个成分用来说明或解释另一个成分。下面例句中黑体和横线局部互为同位语。其中前项与后项所指容一样, 句法功能即在句中作主谓宾等成分也一样，并常常紧挨在一起。We have two children, a boy and a girl.我们有两个孩子,一男一女。都在句中作宾语We young people should respect the old. 我们年轻人应该尊敬老人。都在句中作主语Theyall wanted to see him. 他们都想见他.都在句中作主语Letsyou and me go to work, Oliver. 咱们俩去工作吧.都在句中作主语Are youtwo r
14、eady?你们俩准备好了吗?都在句中作主语The newsthat we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. 明天放假的消息不确.都在句中作主语同位语从句练习：找出句中互为同位语的成分，并指出它们在句中的句法功能Mrs.Brown,Johns mother is a kind lady.Word came that her husband was killed in an accident.I am sorry to hear the news that his grandfather is dead.状语: 按用途可分为时间、地点、方式、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随等(1).时间状语Shall we do the shopping today ?(2).地点状语There are plenty of fish in the sea.(3).原因状语I eat potatoes because I like them.(4). 结果状语She spoke so softly that I couldnt hear what she said.(5). 目的状语In order to get into a good school, I m
