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1、考研考博-考博英语-中国矿业大学模拟考试题含答案1. 单选题Hostility to Gypsies has existed almost from the time they first appeared in Europe in the 14lh century. The origins of the Gypsies, with little written history, were shrouded in mystery. What is known now from clues in the various dialects of their language, Romany, is
2、 that they came from northern India to the Middle East a thousand years ago, working as minstrels and mercenaries, metal-smiths and servants. Europeans misnamed them Egyptians, soon shortened to Gypsies. A clan system, based mostly on their traditional crafts and geography, has made them a deeply fr
3、agmented and fractious people, only really unifying in the face of enmity from non-Gypsies, whom they call gadje. Today many Gypsy activists prefer to be called Roma, which comes from the Romany word for “man”. But on my travels among them most still referred to themselves as Gypsies.In Europe their
4、 persecution by the gadje began quickly, with the church seeing heresy in their fortune-telling and the state seeing anti-social behavior in their nomadism. At various times they have been forbidden to wear their distinctive bright clothes, to speak their own language, to travel, to marry one anothe
5、r, or to ply their traditional crafts. In some countries they were reduced to slavery, it wasnt until the mid-1800s that Gypsy slaves were freed in Romania. In more recent times the Gypsies were caught up in Nazi ethnic hysteria, and perhaps half a million perished in the Holocaust. Their horses hav
6、e been shot and the wheels removed from their wagons, their names have been changed, their women have been sterilized, and their children have been forcibly given for adoption to non-Gypsy families.But the Gypsies have confounded predictions of their disappearance as a distinct ethnic group and thei
7、r numbers have burgeoned. Today there are an estimated 8 to 12 million Gypsies scattered across Europe, making them the continents largest minority. The exact number is hard to pin down. Gypsies have regularly been undercounted, both by regimes anxious to downplay their profile and by Gypsies themse
8、lves, seeking to avoid bureaucracies. Attempting to remedy past inequities, activist groups may overcount. Hundreds of thousands more have emigrated to the Americas and elsewhere. With very few exceptions Gypsies have expressed no great desire for a country to call their own-unlike the Jews, to whom
9、 the Gypsy experience is often compared. “Romanestan” said Ronald Lee, the Canadian Gypsy writer, “is where my two feet stand.”1.Gypsies are united only when they（ ）.2.In history hostility to Gypsies in Europe resulted in their persecution by all the following EXCEPT（ ）.3.According to the passage, t
10、he main difference between the Gypsies and the Jews lies in their concepts of（ ）.问题1选项A.are engaged in traditional craftsB.call themselves RomaC.live under a clan systemD.face external threats问题2选项A.the EgyptiansB.the stateC.the churchD.the Nazis问题3选项A.languageB.cultureC.identityD.custom【答案】第1题:D第2题
11、:A第3题:C【解析】1.事实细节题。题干“Gypsies are united only when”提供了重要信息，表明吉普赛人平时是并不会联合在一起，是个分散的民族。第一段倒数第三句中说到“only really unifying in the face of enmity from non-Gypsies只有在面对来自非吉普赛人的敌意时才真正团结起来”，由此可知使吉普赛人团结起来的是外人的敌意。因此D选项“面对外部威胁”符合题意。2.判断推理题。本题需要从欧洲对吉普赛人的种种迫害行为中作排除法。第二段提到“with the church seeing heresy in their fo
12、rtune-telling and the state seeing anti-social behavior in their nomadism教会在他们的算命中看到异端邪说，国家在他们的游牧中看到反社会行为”以及“In more recent times the Gypsies were caught up in Nazi ethnic hysteria在更近的时期，吉普赛人陷入了纳粹种族狂热中”。因此教会、国家和纳粹都对吉普赛人进行了迫害，A选项“埃及人”符合题意。3.判断推理题。本题需要找出吉普赛人与犹太人的区别。最后一段最后两居中说到了两个种族的比较“With very few ex
13、ceptions Gypsies have expressed no great desire for a country to call their own-unlike the Jews, to whom the Gypsy experience is often compared. 除了极少数的例外，吉普赛人并没有表现出想要一个国家成为自己国家的强烈愿望不像犹太人，吉普赛人的经历经常被拿来与犹太人作比较。”可知吉普赛人与犹太人的最大区别在于建立国家的愿望是否强烈，吉普赛人对自己身份的认同性不如犹太人高。C选项正确。2. 单选题Recombinant DNA technology allo
14、ws scientists to cut segments of DNA from one type of organism and combine them with the genes of a second organism. Also called genetic engineering recombinant DNA technology is a method by which relatively simple organisms, such as bacteria or yeast, or even mammalian cells in culture, can be indu
15、ced to make quantities of human proteins, including interferons or grow tobacco plants that produce monoclonal antibodies, and goats that secrete a clot-dissolving heart attack drug, tissue plasminogen activator (TPA), in their milk.Another facet of recombinant DNA technology involves gene therapy.
16、The goal of this therapy is to replace defective genes, or to endow a cell with new capabilities. In 1989, the feasibility and safety of gene transfer was demonstrated when tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILS) were extracted from a patient, equipped with a marker gene (so they could be tracked and monitored), and then re-injected into patients with advanced cancer. To
