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1、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时与一般过去时都表示一个在过去完成的动作。 它们属于不同时间的两种时态，现在完成时属于现在时态的 范畴，而一般过去时属于过去时态的范畴。下面我们先从构成形式上区别一下两种时态。现在完成时的动词形式为：“have （has）+动词的过去分 词”像have/has done :而一般过去时的动词形式为：“动 词的过去式像did例如：Jacks mother took him to school every day when he was in primary school.杰克在小学时他妈妈每天送他上学。Maria has never read any Chin
2、ese stories. 玛利亚从未 读过中国故事。2. 基本用法不同：“对现在影响”、“持续到现在” 正如前面所说，现在完成时是与现在有关的时态，属现在时 态的范畴，现在完成时与一般过去时最大的区别有两点： 它侧重于过去的动作对现在造成的影响；而一般过去时是一 种过去时态，侧重于表示过去的动作，与现在无关。 例 如:Yesterday I went to the zoo.昨天我去了动物园。（仅说明 昨天去了动物园，与现在无关）Li Lei has read the book. 李磊已看过那本书。（说明李磊 了解那本书的内容） 另外，现在完成时还可以表示动作从过去某个时候开始一直 延续到现在，
3、强调动作的延续性它常与for及since引导的 一段时间状语连用。例如：He has lived here for ten years 他已在这儿住了 10年了。 比较：1. ） The Greens have worked in China since 1998. 格林一家自1998年到现在一直在中国工作。The Greens worked in China in 1998格. 林一家1998年在 中国工作。2. ） He has lived in the country for a long time. 他在农 村生活了很长时间。（现在还在农村）He lived in the countr
4、y for a long time before he came to town.他进城前在农村生活了很长时间。3. ） She has bought a bicycle她买了一辆自行车。（现在她 有一辆自行车了。）She bought a bicycle last year.去年她买了一辆自行车。4. ） He has won a prize for his invention. 他因为他的发明而获奖了。 H e also won a prize last year. 他去年也获奖了。在与 for 及 since 引导的一段时间状语连用时，句子的谓语 动词必须是延续性动词，终止性动词不可和一
5、段时间连用。 例如：他当兵已三年了。误：He has become a soldier for three years. 误：He joined the army for three years.正: He has been a soldier for three years. 正: He has been in the army for three years.1. 连用的时间状语不同与现在完成时连用的时间状语除了上面所说明的由since和 for 引导的一段时间外还有：already, yet, still just, so far, in the last(past), before,
6、ever, never 等。而一般过去时则 常与 ago, yesterday, last, in 2000, just now 等连用。注意现在完成时态不可与yesterday, last week, two days ago等之类的表示具体的过去时间的状语连用。例如： Have you ever picked flowers or stepped on the grass in the park?你曾在公园里摘过花或曾踩过草地吗？Father bought that watch ten years ago. 爸爸10年前买了那块手表。I have never seen the film b
7、efore. 我以前没有看过这部影片。注意：在when引导的特殊疑问句中不可用现在完成时，而只可用一般过去时。例如：When did you visit Japan? 你什么时候访问过日本？Exercises:同步练习动词填空：1. saw I(see) Tom last Friday 2. Did , go you(go) to theGreat Wall last summer?3 Whe ndid_ you _start(start) tolive in China?5. The trai n(leave) already.Whe nthe tra in(leave)?6. It is
8、five years since I(meet) youlas t.7. Whereyou(be) for the last two weeks?8. I(lose) my pen in the bedroom.I have to write with a pen cil.单项选择：()1.Wherethe recorder? I can tsee it an ywhere Iit right here But now it sgone!A. did you put; have putB. haveyou put; putC. had you put; was putti ngD. werey
9、ou putt ing; have put()2. My fatherhere since hetothis school.A. taught; cametaught; cameB. hasC. taught; has cometaught; has comeD. has()3. I am sorry you ve missed the train. It 10 minu tes ago.(山东)A. leftB. has leftC. has beenleft D. had left()4. Hi! Jim! Nice to meet you again! It s one year sin
10、ce I lastyou.(重庆)A. saw B. seeC.see ingD. have see n()5.Have you visited the Dinosaur World, Elsa?(宁波)Yes, Iit yesterday A. have visited B. had visited C. visitedD. visit()6. Nice to see you Iyou for along time (南京)Iin Bejing. I ve just come back.A. had n t see n; amB. have n tsee n; wasC. did n t s
11、ee; will beD. have n tsee n; shall be()7.What is the weather like this summer here?Therevery little rai n.A. hasB. has bee nC.areD. have bee n()8. Whe nyouyour dicti on ary?A. did; lose B. has; lost C. will; lose D. does; lose()9. Whereyou? Which answer isnot right?A. are; goingB. have;bee nC. did; goD. are; doing()10. Theremany great changes in myhometow n since ten years ago C.A. were B. have areD. have bee nKeys:动词填空：1. saw 2. Did, go 3. have, put, put 4. did, start 5. has left, did, leave 6. met 7. have, been8. have lost单项选择：15 BBAAC 610 BBADD
