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1、2022年考博英语-同济大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题We have to _ the routine expenditure，otherwise it will be impossible for us to afford a car.问题1选项A.declineB.condenseC.curtailD.dwindle【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。decline “下降，衰落”；condense “使浓缩”；curtail“缩减，剪短”；dwindle“使缩小，减小”。句意：我们必须缩减日常开支，否则我们不可能买得起一辆车。选项C符合题意。2. 翻译题Online ne
2、wspapers are a look into the future and just pondering it raises the question of whether it isnt nicer getting your daily news curled up in your favorite chair with your ballpoint pen handy to circle items of interest, or scissors ready to snip out articles you want to save. The Gazette Company is b
3、etting its subscribers want both electronic and paper options，and so far it seems to be right.The rest of the world is moving into cyberspace more slowly than the United States, and, in the developing world，the Internet has hardly penetrated at all. U. N. Secretary General Kofi Annan is determined t
4、o change this through the United Nations Information Technology Service, which will train large numbers of people to lap into the income-enhancing power of the Internet. Annan is also proposing an Internet health network that will provide state-of-the-art medical knowledge to 10,000 clinics and hosp
5、itals in poor countries.The onrushing Cyber Age has given newfound power to us all, as seen in Jody Williamss one-woman organization using e-mail to promote a global ban on land mines. Yet, this is but a glimpse of whats ahead in the minds of those immersed in this great and accelerating transformat
6、ion.At Microsoft, Bill Gates predicts that by 2018 major newspapers will “publish their last paper editions and move solely to electronic distribution,” and that by 2020 dictionaries will redefine books as “eBook titles read on screen”.Translate the following passage into Chinese【答案】网上报纸是对未来的一种展望，仅仅
7、思考一下就会提出问题，蜷缩在你最喜爱的椅子上，用圆珠笔把你每天感兴趣的新闻圈出来，或者用剪刀剪下你想要保存的新闻，这样会不会更好呢？葛泽特公司打赌说他的订阅者想要电子和纸质报纸两种选择，现在看来似乎是正确的。世界其他地区比美国更慢地进入电子信息化空间，在发展中国家，互联网根本没有渗透进来。联合国秘书长科菲安南决心联合联合国信息技术服务来改变这一现状。这个组织将训练大量人员开发互联网的增收潜力。安南还建议建立一个互联网健康网络，这个网络将给一些贫困国家提供10000家诊所和医院最先进的医疗知识。飞速发展的网络时代赋予了我们新的力量，正如一位名叫朱迪威廉姆斯的女士所说，她创办的妇女组织用邮件倡导全
8、球禁用地雷。然而，这在那些沉浸在这种伟大而加速的变革中的人的头脑中，只是对未来的一瞥。微软公司的比尔盖茨预测，到2018年，主要新闻报纸将“出版他们最后一版纸质报纸，然后完全转为电子版”，并且到2020年，词典将重新将书定义为“在屏幕上阅读的电子书”。3. 单选题The field of sociology in the United States developed as a result of a social experience which had very little to do with the political and ideological controversies th
9、at stimulated sociology in France and Germany. Rather, the discipline evolved as a result of the experiences associated with the problems of an immigrant society caught in the turmoil of rapid industrialization and urban growth. Indeed, it must be emphasized that from its beginning, sociology has ha
10、d a very practical interest, which was characterized less by political divisiveness than by social reform and social work. This practical emphasis in the discipline has continued to persist to the present. It has only been since World War，however, that there has existed something in American higher
11、education that could be properly termed a “sociological establishment” or a highly respected academic field of study. Its major strength as an academic discipline resulted from its empirical and sophisticated approach to the identification and solution of practical but highly significant social prob
12、lems.Today，what does the academic sociologist do? Professional sociologists are individuals who study and teach about societies，social institutions，and the patterns of human interaction and human behavior. As a scientific discipline，sociology may be divided into three broad, analytical fields: the s
13、tudy of groups; institutions analysis; and the study of the social structure in general. Thus, the content of the rapidly expanding discipline of sociology is based upon culture and society，with emphasis placed upon the study of the various types of interaction and relationships which exist among in
14、dividuals and human groups. In the study of such areas as social organization and disorganization, sociologists attempted to explain the evolution and change of social institutions and the changing nature of human attitudinal and value systems. Among the selected topics of investigation included wit
15、hin the study of sociology are the changing nature of family life，institutional life, sexual attitudes, crime and violence，religious values, and the entire gamut of interpersonal relationships in politics and government. Indeed，many of the areas which professional sociologists study are, by their ve
16、ry nature, relatively familiar to many of us even though they are not clearly understood. The basic hypotheses of the disciplinethat social life (both group and individual behavior) is patterned； that value and attitudes are learned, reinforced, and shared; that we as individuals are, in many respects，what others consider us to beare ideas which most people now instinctively accept in order
