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1、知识点八：阅读理解通过近几年全国各省市中考英语试题来看，我们发现“阅读理解”题呈现出这样几个特点：题材新颖，原汁原味，趣味性强；贴近生活实际，极具可读性；反映社会热点，富于时代气息；题目设计巧妙，匠心独运；考查能力综合化；选材广泛，信息量大。所涉及内容包罗万象，不仅涉及生活百科，自然科学，而且也触及天文地理，寓言故事、异域风情等。A、阅读理解题目类型及解题方法。1. 细节理解题。*此类题主要考察学生对相关信息的识别能力， 答案一般在原文中能找到。*出题中所设的干扰项一般与文中的观点截然相反，要么不符，要么未涉及，相对容易排除。常常是无中生有，张冠李戴，以偏概全，扩大内容。2. 文章（段落）主旨
2、大意题。Which is the best title of the passage? The writer thinks_.The writer wants to tell us_. The main idea of the passage is_.*切忌以点代面，以偏概全。文章的首尾句及各段的首尾句往往是探察全文内容的窗口，阅读时要学会找出文章的中心句。*在阅读过程中，可通过略读来快速把握文章的中心，阅读时视阈要宽，紧抓对主题句的搜索，按意群进行阅读，避免阅读中的出声、指读、复视、或停顿。3、推理判断题。 此类题需要透过文章信息进行深入的分析、综合、归纳等推断，需根据上下文及其内在联系对篇
3、章进行深入的分析。如From the second paragraph we know_. *在把握全篇的基础上，细读这一段。4、是非判断题 Which of the following is (NOT) true? Which of the following descriptions about is right?*干扰项常常是无中生有，张冠李戴，以偏概全，扩大内容5.词意句意题 What does the word “” mean in paragraph 3? What does the sentence “” really mean?In the last paragraph, “”
4、 means_. What does the underlined word mean?*学会猜词(1)根据构词法猜词义前缀或后缀-ful（形容词后缀）, -less（无，没有，构成形容词）, -ly（副词后缀）, un-（不，非,未）,dis-（相反，否定）re-(重新)appear disappear, agree disagree, tie untie, happy unhappy, careful, careless, hope hopeless, comfortable uncomfortable(2)根据上下文猜词义它和前后文有着必然的联系,只有把握作者的脉搏，理清逻辑链条,才能锁
5、定生词的含义。（3）旧词新义现象。 如：Australians put their shirt “tails” on the clothes line after washing, because they usually put them into their trousers. “tails” 一词原意为“尾巴”，而在此处的意思为衬衫的“_”。（4）依解释。 Microscope is an instrument（工具）that makes small near objects seems larger. Microscope means_. *有时我们能从生词的前后找到解释性的文字。B、
6、解答阅读理解题的基本步骤。1、首先快速通读全文（包括标题，图），了解文章大意。2、阅读问题，应特别注意审题。3、带着问题细读文章，寻找重要的解题信息。叙述文重要信息包括人物(who)，事件(what)，时间(when)，地点(where)，起因(why)，经过(how)，结果(what)等。*遇到个别词、句不明白，应大胆跳过向下读。4、 据初步获得的信息，综合运用所学英语知识和有关文章的各种背景知识进行信息处理，还应特别注意文章各部分之间内在的联系和字面隐含的意思。5、 分析的基础上选定答案。6、 如果时间够用，可复读文章，验证答案。C、阅读技巧。1.略读法：快速阅读，了解大意，综合主题句，找
7、出全文的主题思想。主题句的位置一般在句首或句末，也有在句中的。2.查读法：顾名思义是为查找某一特定信息而进行的阅读。3、借助跳读找细节，借助掠读找中心。4、全文中心体现的是各段之和。段落中心常与该段首句尾句相关。5、干扰项或是远离文章内容，或是以偏概全。 常见的干扰项：无中生有，张冠李戴，以偏概全，扩大内容。6、 猜测词义时，一定要回到原文中，因为没有上下文就没有词义。7、 推理判断题注意从文章作者立场出发，从短文中找答案，而不是问你作为中学生的看法。8、 做题的关键是看清题目的要求，读准的关键是分清句子的结构和确认词性词义。9、注意表逻辑关系词：起承上启下的作用，表明前后文间的联系 (1)表
8、示先后顺序的词有：first, second, third, finally等。(2) 表示转折意义的词有：but, yet, though, however等。(3) 表示先因果关系的词有：because, for，so that等。(4) for example10、分析长句长句中通常含并列、复合、倒装等结构，要分清主干，先找出句子的主谓宾,再找修饰语。1) She said the secret is to never put things off until tomorrow. 主句 宾语从句2) Environment clubs ask students to bring thei
9、r their lunches in bags that can be used again.这句主干是 Environment clubs ask students to bring their their lunches in bags. that can be used again是定语从句，修饰bags。全句可翻译为：环保俱乐部要求学生用可再次使用的袋子来带午饭。3) I didnt quite understand how they got the books back so quickly until I picked up a book Grandma had left one
10、day.本句的主干是I didnt quite understand until I picked up a book（直到我捡到一本书我才明白）主干是：主句+ until引导的时间状语从句。how they got the books back so quicky是宾语从句，作understand的宾语。(that) Grandma had left one day是定语从句，修饰a book。整句可翻译为：直到有一天我捡到一本奶奶落下的一本书，我才明白他们是如何这么快地把书拿回。 ADo you know why different animals or pests (昆虫) have t
11、heir special colors? Colors in them seem to be used mainly to protect themselves.Some birds like eating locusts (蝗虫), but birds cannot easily catch them. Why? It is because locusts change their colors together with the change of the colors of crops. When crops are green, locusts look green. But as t
12、he harvest time comes, locusts change to the same brown color as crops have. Some other pests with different colors from plants are easily found and eaten by others. So they have to hide themselves for lives and appear only at night.If you study the animal life, youll find the main use of coloring i
13、s to protect themselves. Bears, lions and other animals move quietly through forests. They cannot be easily seen by hunters (猎人). This is because they have the colors much like the trees.Have you ever noticed an even stranger act? A kind of fish in the sea can send out a kind of very black liquid (液
14、体)when it faces danger. While the liquid spreads over (散开), its enemies (敌人)cannot find it. And it immediately swims away. So it has lived up to now though it is not strong at all.1.From the passage we learn that locusts_.A. are small animals B. are easily found by birdsC. are dangerous to their ene
15、mies D. change their colors to protect themselves2.How can pests with different colors from plants keep out of danger?A. They run away quickly.B. They have the colors much like their enemies.C. They hide themselves by day and appear at night.D. They have to move quietly.3.Bears and lions can keep safe because _.A. they have the colors much like the trees B. they move quietlyC. they like brown and gray colors D. they live in forests4.Why can the kind of fish live up to
