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1、公路highway道路服务水平道路road公路交通规划公路工程highway engineering交通调查公路网highway network交通量调查公路网密度highway density交通量观测站公路等级highway classification公路自然区划climatic zoning for highway起迄点调查（OD调查）公路用地highway rightof-way出行高速公路freeway境内交通等级公路classified highway过境交通辅导relief road交通发生干线公路arterial highway交通分布支线公路feeder highway交通
2、分配专用公路accomodation highway交通预测国家干线公路（国道）national trunk highway行车道省级干线公路（省道）provincial trunk highway分离式行车道县公路（县道）county road车道乡公路（乡道）township road变速车道辐射式公路radial highway加速车道环形公路ring highway减速车道绕行公路bypass爬坡车道交通结构traffic structure停车道交通组成traffic composition错车道混合交通mixed traffic自行车道交通流traffic flow路侧人行道交通流
3、理论traffic flow theory分隔带车流vehicle stream中央分隔带交通密度traffic density中间带车头间距space headway路肩车头时距time headway路缘带车间净距vehicular gap路缘石延误delay侧向余宽地点速度spot speed路拱行驶速度running speed路拱横坡运行速度poerating speed公路建筑限界临界速度critical speed公路路线平均速度average speed公路线形计算行车速度（设计车速）design speed平面线形交通量traffic volume纵面线形年平均日交通量ann
4、ual average daily traffic线形要素月平均日交通量monthly average daily traffic平曲线年第30位最大小时交通量thirtieth highest annual hourly volume极限最小平曲线半径年最大小时交通量maximum annual hourly复曲线设计小时交通量design hourly volume反向曲线通行能力traffic capacity断背曲线基本通行能力basic traffic capacity回头曲线可能通行能力possible traffic capacity缓和曲线设计通行能力design traffi
5、c capacity竖曲线 弯道加宽level of service traffic planning traffic survey traffic volume survey traffic volume observation station origindestination study trip local traffic through traffic traffic generation traffic distribution traffic assignment traffic prognosis carriageway divided carriageway lane spe
6、ed-change lane acceleration lane deceleration lane climbing lane parking lane turnout lane cycle path sidewalk lane seperator median divider central strip shoulder； verge marginal strip kerb;curb lateral clearance camber；crown crown slopeclearance of highway highway route highway alignment horizonta
7、l alignment vertical alignment alignment elements horizontal curve limited minimum radius of horizontal curve compound curvereverse curve brokenback curve switch-back curve transition curve vertical curve curve widening加宽缓和段transition zone of curve超高superelevation超高缓和段supere levation runoff纵坡longitu
8、dinal gradient最大纵坡maximum longitudinal gradient最小纵坡minimum ongitudinal gradient变坡点grade change point平均纵坡average gradiant坡长限制grade length limitation高原纵坡拆减highland grade compensation缓和坡段transition grading zone合成坡度resultant gradent视距sight distance停车视距nonpassing sight distance;超车视距stopping sight distanc
9、e passing sight distance道路交叉road intersection；道口railroad grade crossing平面交叉at-grade intersection ； gradecrossing正交叉right-angle intersection斜交叉skew intersection环形交叉rotary intersection十字形交叉+”intersectionT形交叉T intersection错位交叉offset intersection； staggered junctionY形交叉Y intersection立体交叉grade separation
10、分离式立体交叉simple grade separation，互通式立体交叉separate grade crossing interchange首蓿叶形立体交叉full cloverleaf interchange部分首蓿叶形立体交叉cloverleaf interchange菱形立体交叉diamond interchange定向式立体交叉directional interchange喇叭形立体交叉threeleg interchange环形立体交叉rotary interchange匝道ramp交叉口road crossing； intersection交叉口进口intersection
11、entrance交叉口出口intersection exit加铺转角式交叉口 intersection with widened拓宽路口式交叉口corners flared intersection分道转弯式交叉口channelized intersection渠化交通channelization交织weaving交织路段weaving section合流converging分流diverging冲突点conflict point交通岛traffic island导流岛channe lization island中心岛central island安全岛refuge island沿线设施road
12、side facilities交通安全设施traffic safety device人行横道crosswalk人形地道pedestrian underpass人形天桥pedestrian overcrossing护栏guard fence防护栅guard fence，safety barrier遮光栅antidizzling screen应急电话emergency telephone反光标志reflective sign反光路钮reflective button弯道反光镜traffic mirror道路交通标志road traffic sign警告标志warning sign禁令标志regul
13、atory sign指示标志guide sign指路标志information sign辅助标志auxiliary sign可变信息标志changeable message sign路面标线pavement marking防雪设施snow protection facilities防沙设施sands protection facilities隔音墙acoustic barrier停车场parking area踏勘reconnaissance可行性研究feasibility study线形设计highway alignment design公路景观设计highway landscape design选线route selection路线控制点control point定线location比较线alternative line展线line development初测preliminary survey定测location survey地貌topographie fcature地物culture地形topography台地terrace垭口pass； saddle back平原区plain terrain微丘区rolling terrain重丘区hilly terrain山岭区mountainous terrain沿溪线valley line山脊线ridge line山
