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1、强调句| （需要补充金榜P172）强调句是一种修辞，是人们在交际中为了有效地交流思想，突出重要内容所运用的一种 手段。英语中强调的手段多种多样。口语中可以利用语音手段，借助重读和语调的变化，突 出或强调句中的某一个词或成分。在书面语言中，可以利用语法手段、词汇手段和修饰手段 突出或强调句中的某个部分。下面简单归纳它的几种结构：1. 用助动词“do （does/ did） +动词原形”来强调肯定性的动词。He does know the place well .他的确很熟悉这个地方。Do write to me when you get there .你到那儿后务必给我来信。2. 用形容词ver
2、y, only, single, such等修饰名词或形容词来加强语气。Thats the very textbook we used last term.这正是我们上学期用过的教材。You are the only person here who can speak Chinese 你是这里唯一会讲汉语的人。Not a single person has been in the shop this morning今天上午这个商店里连一个人都没有。How dare you buy such expensive jewels?你怎么敢买这么贵的宝石呢？3用 so, really, ever, n
3、ever, very, just, too, even 等副词和 badly, highly, really 等带有ly的副词来进行强调。I really want to have some coffee during the interval.Why ever did you do so?你究竟为什么要这么做？He never said a word the whole day. 一整天，他一句话也没说。Youve got to be very, very careful.你一定得非常、非常小心。This is just what I wanted .这正是我所要的。He was badly
4、 wounded.他伤得很严重。I really dont know what to do next .我的确不知道下一步该怎么做。4用 in the world, on earth, at all, in heaven, in hell, under the sun 等表示强调（常用于疑 问句）；用短语 in every way, in no way, by all means, by no means, only too, all too, but too 等表示强调（常用于陈述句）。Where in the world could he be ?他到底会在哪儿？What on earth
5、 is it?它究竟是什么？Do you know at all ?你到底知不知道？His behavior was in every way perfect. 他的举止确实无可挑剔。By all means take your son with you. 你一定要把儿子带来。The news was only too true. 这消息确实是事实。It was over all too soon！ 此事的确了结得很快！Where in heaven were you then ?当时你到底在哪里？Nobody under the sun would buy that car. 确实没有人会买
6、那辆车。5用感叹句来表示强烈的感情,突出说话人的情感。How interesting a story it is !这是一个多么有趣的故事啊！Oh, what a lie !啊，真是弥天大谎！6用重复来表示强调。Why! why! The cage is empty!啊！啊！箱子是空的。They walked for miles and miles.他们走了好多英里。7. 用倒装句（也就是将要强调的句子或被强调的部分置于句首）来加强语气。On the table were some flowers.桌上摆着一些花。（强调地点）Many a time have I climbed that hi
7、ll.我多次翻过那座山。Only in this way can we solve this problem .只有这样，我们才能解决这个问题。8. 用If来表示强调。1 ）If 从句+I dont know who / what, etc. does / is / has, etc.；主语部分也可以用 nobody does / is / has, etc.或 everybody does / is / has, et c .来代替（这里的 if 从句往往是正话 反说，反话正说）：If he cant do it, I dont know who can.要是他做不了这件事,我不知道还有谁能
8、做。（强调只有他能做）If Jim is a coward, everybody is. 要是吉姆是个胆小鬼,那么人人都是胆小鬼。（强调吉姆不是胆小鬼）2） if从句+itbe主句（此用法可看成是第8中强调句型的变形，即把所要强调的内容 放在it be的后面，把其它内容放在由if引导的从句中）：If anyone knew the truth, it was Tom.如果说谁了解事实的真相，那便是汤姆。If there is one thing he loves, it is money.如果说世界上还有他爱的东西，那便是金钱。9. 用破折号、黑体字也可以表示强调,加强语气。Its becau
9、se of hard work ten years of hard work.那是因为艰苦的工作 十年艰苦的工作！He began the work 一 in late May.他在五月底开始的这项工作。（强调时间）10. 用 “.and that”，“.and those”，“not.too much”，“否定加否定”等结构表示强调。 They fulfilled the task, and that in a few days. 他们在几天内完成的就是那项任务。I gave her some presents, and those the day before yesterday.前天我送
10、给她的就是那些礼物。I cant thank you too much. 我无论怎样感谢你都不过份。I am not unfaithful to you. 我对你无比忠诚。11. 用反身代词表示强调。I myself will see her off at the station. 我将亲自到车站为她送行。You can do it well yourself. 你自己能做好这件事情。12. “What is / was ”是名词从句结构 也是强调句的另一种构成形式。它常用来强调 主语、宾语。如果所叙述的是现在或者将来发生的事情用“What isthat. ”的句式；如 果所叙述的是过去发生的
11、事情用“ What was . that. ”的句式。例如：What he wishes most is to become a pilot.（强调宾语）他最希望的是成为一名飞行员。What interested me most in that movie was the beautiful scenery of Alps. （强调主语） 那部电影使我最感兴趣的是阿尔裨斯山那美丽的风景。What I like is her speaking manner. （强调宾语）我喜欢的是她说话的风度。What encouraged us was the example he set for us. （
12、强调主语） 给予我们鼓励的是他为我们树立的榜样。13. 用强调句型来强调说话人的意愿。（1）强调句型的形式：“It is （was） +被强调的部分+that （who） +原句剩余部分”。 比较下列各句：It was John who / that bought an old bike yesterday in a marketplace.是约翰昨天在市场上买了辆旧自行车。（强调主语）It was an old bike that John bought yesterday in a marketplace.昨天约翰在市场买的是辆旧自行车。(强调宾语) It was yesterday th
13、at John bought an old bike in a marketplace. 约翰是昨天在市场上买了辆旧自行车。(强调时间状语) It was in a marketplace that John bought an old bike yesterday. 约翰是在市场上昨天买了辆旧自行车。(强调地点状语)(2) 使用强调句型应注意的事项：(a) 强调句型可以强调主语、宾语、时间状语和地点状语等不强调谓语，若要强调谓 语时用助动词 do。(b) 强调句型中的连接词that不能省去，当主语是人或者宾语是人时可以用who, whom 代替that，且who, whom也不能省去，其余成
14、分均用that。(c) 连词that，who，whom后的动词要与前面被强调部分的名词或代词(即原句中的 主语)的人称保持一致。(d) 强调句型中的时态一般只用两种，即一般现在时和一般过去时，若原句的动词为一 般过去时、过去完成时及过去进行时，就用It was+被强调的部分+that+原句剩余部分。若原 句的动词是其他时态时，使用it is+被强调的部分+that+原句剩余部分。(e) 此句型可以用来强调目的状语、方式状语以及because引导的原因状语。不能强调 以 as，since 引导的原因状语及 although 引导的让步状语从句。通常不强调系动词 be 后的 表语，但有时可以强调其
15、他系动词后的表语。如：It is for helping the people in disaster area that Meimei has contributed her money given to her as lunar New Year gift. 梅梅是为了帮助灾区人们而捐献出她的压岁钱。It was because he didnt pass the exam that his father gave him a good beating. 因为考试不及格他爸爸把他痛打一顿。It is a novelist that he has become.他已经成了小说家。(f) 可以强调以notuntil引导的时间状语，用“It was (is) not until+被强调的部分 +that+原句剩余部分”句型表示“是直到才”如：He and the other doctors did not leave until the operation was over. 他和其他医生等手术做完后才离开。= It was not until the operation was over that he and the other doctors left.【注意1】在强调句型中只用until，不用till,由于that前已有否定词not，故that后的句 子
