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1、2022年考博英语-中国科学技术大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题For perplexed policymakers in Washington, they meant scrambling from one policy to another in an effort to respond to a highly confusing economic situation.问题1选项A.disturbedB.puzzledC.irritatedD.enchanted【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. disturbed 有精神病的，心理不正常的 B. puzzled 困
2、惑的，迷惑不解的C. irritated 烦恼的，恼怒的 D. enchanted 中魔法的，着了魔的【答案】B【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】perplexed的意思为“困惑的，迷惑不解的”，修饰policymakers，指的是这些制定政策的人很困惑，自己也没搞清楚状况，puzzled与之词义相近，因此B选项正确。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项词义与之不符。【句意】对于华盛顿困惑的决策者来说，这意味着匆忙地从一项政策转向另一项政策，以应对高度混乱的经济形势。2. 单选题Claims left behind in bankruptcy generally have only a _ chanc
3、e of being paid, since they are unsecured and not backed by assets.问题1选项A.slenderB.slimC.sizableD.spare【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. slender 微薄的，不足的（数量或尺寸） B. slim 微薄的，不足的（没有想要的、期待的那么大） （a slim chance 机会渺茫）C. sizable 相当大的 D. spare 不用的，闲置的【答案】B【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键词since，可知句子前后表示因果关系，因为在破产中遗留下来的债权没有担保和资金支持，所以得到偿
4、付的机会_，slim符合语境，因此B选项正确。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项不符合相应的逻辑关系。【句意】在破产中遗留下来的债权通常只有很小的机会得到偿付，因为它们没有担保，也没有资产支持。3. 单选题Independent auditors from KPMG say they are preparing to closely scrutinize organizational and operational changes that State Compensation Insurance Fund is implementing.问题1选项A.examineB.executeC.infor
5、mD.foster【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. examine （仔细地）检查，检验 B. execute （尤指依法）处决，处死C. inform 知会，通知 D. foster 促进，助长【答案】A【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】scrutinize的意思为“认真检查，细致审查”，和changes构成动宾搭配关系，指的是仔细审查正在实施的组织和运营变革，examine与之词义相近，因此A选项正确。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项词义与之不符。【句意】毕马威会计师事务所的独立审计师表示，他们正准备密切审查国家赔偿保险基金正在实施的组织和运营变革。4. 填空题The effort to cl
6、arify the bewildering number of interrelated observations _ by psychoanalytic exploration led to the development of a model of the structure of the psychic system. (cover)【答案】uncovered【解析】【考查点】动词。【解题思路】根据关键词by，可知横线所在内容为动词的过去分词，uncover的意思为“发现，揭露”，符合语境，其过去分词为uncovered。【句意】精神分析探索发现的观察结果数目众多、令人眼花缭乱、又相互关
7、联，努力阐明这些结果促进了精神系统结构模型的发展。5. 单选题Vince Cables decision not to come to Oxford because of a peaceful protest is one of the most cowardly acts by a British politician in living memory.问题1选项A.sensibleB.effectiveC.fearfulD.cautious【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. sensible 明智的，理智的 B. effective 有效的C. fearful 惧怕的，胆怯的，担心的 D.
8、 cautious 小心的，谨慎的（谨慎说话和行事，尤其是为了避免危险或错误）【答案】C【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】cowardly的意思为“胆小的，怯懦的”，指的是因为和平示威而决定不去牛津大学是懦弱的行为，fearful与之词义相近，因此C选项正确。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项词义与之不符。【句意】文斯凯布尔因为和平示威而决定不去牛津大学，这是人们记忆中英国政治家最懦弱的行为之一。6. 填空题Shortly after World War II, American art began to gamer worldwide attention and _. This change wa
9、s due to the innovative fervor of abstract expressionism in the 1950s. (admire)【答案】admiration【解析】【考查点】名词。【解题思路】根据关键词and，可知attention和横线所在内容为并列结构，应该和attention一样为名词，admiration“赞赏”符合语境，指的是美国艺术引起全世界的赞赏。【句意】第二次世界大战后不久，美国艺术开始引起全世界的注意和赞赏。这种变化源于20世纪50年代抽象表现主义的创新热情。7. 翻译题Still, the idea of animals feeling emo
10、tions remains controversial among many scientists. Researchers skepticism is fueled in part by their professional aversion to anthropomorphism (动物人格化), the very nonscientific tendency to attribute human qualities to nonhumans. Many scientists also say that it is impossible to prove animals have emot
11、ions using standard scientific methodsrepeatable observations that can be manipulated in controlled experimentsleading them to conclude that such feelings must not exist. Today, however, amid mounting evidence to the contrary, “the tide is turning radically and rapidly,” says Bekoff, who is at the f
12、orefront of this movement.Even the most harsh skeptics of animal passion agree that many creatures experience fearwhich some scientists define as a “primary” emotion that contrasts with “secondary” emotions such as love and grief. Unlike these more complex feelings, fear is instinctive and requires
13、no conscious thought.But beyond such instinctive emotions and their predictable behavioral responses, the possibility of more complex animal feelingsthose that entail mental processingis difficult to demonstrate, because feelings are intangible, and so tough to study scientifically.The new case for
14、animal emotions comes in part from the growing acceptability of field observations, particularly when they are taken in aggregate. The latest contribution to this body of knowledge is a new book. The Smile of a Dolphin, which presents personal reports from more than 50 researchers who have spent the
15、ir careers studying animalsfrom cats, dogs, and chimps to birds and fish, edited by Bekoff, who says it will finally “legitimize” research on animal emotions.【答案】【参考译文】但是，许多科学家仍然对动物也有情感的观点持有异议。研究人员之所以表示怀疑，部分原因是他们出于职业习惯讨厌拟人论，因为他们认为这是一种将人类的特性强加在非人类生物身上的毫无科学根据的主观倾向。许多科学家还认为用标准的科学方法无法证明动物是有情感的在受控实验环境下可进行重复观察这使他们得出结论，认为这些所谓的动物情感一定不存在。但是如今出现越来越多相反的证据。站在这场运动前沿的贝科夫说道：“这场运动的潮流正在根本性地迅速转向。”甚至连那些对动物情感论持绝对怀疑态度的人也认为，许多动物有恐惧感有的科学家认为，恐惧是与爱和悲伤等“中级”情感相对的“初级”情感。与较为复杂的“中级
