《宾语从句语法讲解及专题训练》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《宾语从句语法讲解及专题训练(7页珍藏版)》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、第二部分语法知识第17讲宾语从句高职考纲中宾语从句测试的重点是:掌握宾语从句的基本用法1. 掌握宾语从句的各不同引导词的用法。2. 掌握宾语从句的语序。3. 掌握宾语从句中,主句与从句在时态上的相互呼应。4. 掌握由it作形式宾语的宾语从句。一宾语从句的定义宾语从句在复合句中作宾语,从句放在主句谓语动词(及物动词),介词或某些形容词之后, 前后不用逗号分开。如I dont know if/whether he will come tomorrow.She was interested in what I said.二、宾语从句的引导词1、由连词that引导的陈述句性的宾语从句,在很多动词如sa
2、y, think, hope, see, believe, expect, hear 等动词后。连词 that 只起连接作用,在从句中不做句子的成分,也无词汇意义,在口 语中常被省略。He says(that) his father is a boss.注意事项:许多带复合宾语的句子,that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部,而用it作形式 宾语。如: I finditnecessarythat we should learn English well.2、由连词 if、 whether 引导的宾语从句表示“是否”。 Whether,if 在从句中不做句子的 成分,一般情况下,whether和i
3、f可以替换,但在特殊情况下if与whether是不能互换的。 I wonder whether (if) they will come to our party.当whether与or not连用时whether不可换用if。在介词后面只能用whether,不能用if。在 动词不定式之前,只能用whether,不能用if。He doesnt know whether to stay or not.3、由wh-引导的宾语从句。连接代词who,whom,whose, what, which,和连接副词when, where, why, how 等连接的宾语从句,它们在句中既有连接从句的作用,又在句
4、中充当句子的成分。Do you knowwhich film they are talking about? (which 在从句中做定语)I dont know where he lives. (where 在从句中 做地点状语)三、宾语从句的语序 宾语从句属于名词性从句,它的语序必须是陈述语序,即连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分 如: I believe that they will come soon.He asked me whether I was a teacher.They wanted to know what they can do for us.四、宾语从句的时态。宾语从句的时
5、态受主句的限制,从句根据实际情况而定。主句是一般过去时态,从句用相应的过去的时态。如果从句的动作发生在主句之前,则从句 要用过去完成时态。女口: She says that she is a student.Shesaid that shewas a student.Shesays that she will fly to Japan in a week.She saidthat she would fly to Japan in a week.Shesays that shehas finished her homework already.Shesaid that shehad finis
6、hed her homework already.注意事项 :如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时,这时宾语从句要用一般现在 时态。如: The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.He told me that Japan is an island country.Could you tell me.是用来征询对方的意见,语气委婉,并不表示过去。如: Could you tell me when we will visit the farm?五其他常见用法否定转移问题在 think, believe, suppose, con
7、sider 等动词所跟的宾语从句中,如果从句表 示的是否定意义,一般要将否定词移至主句的谓语上,而将从句变为肯定形式。如: Im sorry , but I dont think I know you. 很抱歉,我想我并不认识你。I dont believe that the man is killed by Jim. 我认为那个人不是吉姆所杀的。He asked me we could go to Beijing to watch the game by plane.A. thatB. ifC. how D. what解析考查宾语从句引导词。根据主句可以推出宾语从句表达的是不确定的语气,所以
8、排除 选项A;宾语从句中没有缺少与how和what相对应的句子成分,故本题应选B。例 2 (2008 年,湖北武汉)Do you know ?Sorry, I dont know.A. where does Jimmy workB. where Jimmy worksC. how does Jimmy go to work D. what does Jimmy do解析考查陈述句语序。A、C、D用的是疑问句语序,所以该题的正确答案应为B。例 3 (2008 年,北京)Do you know for Shanghai last night?At 9:00.A. what time he leav
9、esB. what time does he leaveC. what time he leftD. what time did he leave解析考查陈述句语序和时态。根据语序,可以排除选项B和D,从时间状语last night可 以推断宾语从句应该使用一般过去时,故本题的正确答案是C。例 4 (2009 年,浙江平湖)I think best that you should stay here.A. this B. that C. it D. what解析考查it引导的形式宾语othat后面引导的是宾语从句,it起形式宾语的作用,this, that, what都不能作形式宾语,故本题的
10、正确答案是Co例 5 (2010 年,浙江杭州)Linda said the moon round the earth.A. travelled B. has travelled C. had travelled D. travells解析考查时态。宾语从句表达的是事实真理时,用一般现在时,故本题的正确答案是D。 例6 (2009年, 嘉兴)In some western countries , when you hear something like an invitation, listen carefully to make sure it is a real invitation or
11、 not.A. ifB.whetherC. weatherD. that解析 考查宾语从句引导词。句意“在一些西方国家,当你听到像邀请之类的东西,你要仔 细听来确定是否是一个真正的邀请。”宾语从句表达的是一个不确实的事,且后面有or not, 故本题的正确答案是Bo例7 (2010年, 宁波)We dont believe (that) they will come tomorrow, ?A. do weB.dont weC. will theyD.wont they解析考查宾语从句的否定转移。真正的否定意义在从句,这种否定前移的宾语从句,在 变成反意疑问句时,反意疑问句的主谓语要与从句一致。
12、本题的正确答案是Co1. I find strange she doesnt want to travel.A. it, thatB. that, thatC. it, what D. that, what2004 年高职考试题解析考查it作形式宾语。真正的宾语从句不缺what对应的成分,故本题正确答案为Ao 2No one can be sure in a million years.A. man will look like whatB. what will man look likeC. what man will look likeD. what look will man like2
13、004 年高职考试题 3Please tell us to the Science Museum.A. how can we reachB. how we can reachC. how can we getD. how we can get20005 年高职考试题解析第2.3两题考查宾语从句的语序与get to短语。2题正确答案为C,3题正确答案为Do4. 一Mike wants to know if a picnic tomorrow.Yes, But if it, well visit the famous company instead.A. you will have, rainsB
14、. you will have, will rainC. you have, will rainD. will you have, rains20005 年高职考试题解析本题考查在宾语从句和条件状语中的不同用法。第一个if位于及物动词后面,所以 引导的是宾语从句,时间是tomorrow,用将来时态;第二个if引导的是条件状语从句,用 一般现在时代替将来时,故本题的正确答案是Ao4.Do you know when ?Oh ,its on December 1 st.A.the World AIDS day are .B,are the World AIDS Day .C.the World A
15、IDS Day isD.is the world AIDS Day .2009 年高职考试题解析考查宾语从句的语序与主谓一致。the World AIDS Day作主语,是单数概念,一个日 子,正确答案为 Co5.Emily couldnt find her key .She didnt rememberA. what it was C. what was itB. where was itD. where it was2010 年高职考试题解析考查宾语从句的语序和引导词。从句中缺少表示地点的表语,正确答案为D。一、单项填空1. He says he will go skating tomorrow.A. what B. that C. if D.how2. 一 Could you please tell me?一 I live in Hangzhou, Zhejiang.Awhere do you liveBif you live in GuilinC. where you liveD. w