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1、2022年考博英语-山西大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题Well continue along the road（ ）by our presidents more than seventy years ago.问题1选项A.given outB.made outC.wiped outD.mapped out【答案】D【解析】考查动词短语辨析。A选项give out“发出，排放，公开，分发”；B选项make out“艰难地看到，理解，填写”；C选项wipe out“消灭”；D选项map out“认真安排或设计，绘制”。句意：我们将继续沿着我们两国总统七十多年前（ ）的道路
2、前进。“发出道路/理解道路/消灭道路”都不符合题意，因此D选项正确。2. 单选题Of all the classical composers, Tchaikovsky has been a veritable gold-mine as a（ ）source of themes for popular arrangements.问题1选项A.lucrativeB.ostensibleC.orthodoxD.tentative【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项lucrative“有利可图的，赚钱的”；B选项ostensible“表面的，假装的”；C选项orthodox“正统的；惯常的”；D选
3、项tentative“不确定的，暂定的；犹豫的”。句意：在所有的古典作曲家中，柴可夫斯基是一个名副其实的金矿，他总是创造出大受市场欢迎的主题作品。由gold-mine可知lucrative与其意思对应。因此A选项正确。3. 单选题One of the chief functions of slang words is to consolidate ones（ ）with a group.问题1选项A.introductionB.superstitionC.identificationD.specification【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项introduction“介绍；引进；入门”
4、；B选项superstition“迷信”；C选项identification“辨认；认同；身份”；D选项specification“规格；说明书”。句意：俚语的主要功能之一增强与其一伙人的（ ）。根据语境，俚语主要是拉近人和人之间的距离，identification“认同”比较合理。因此C选项正确。4. 单选题Each（ ）effort a baby makes at speech is a sign of intellectual development.问题1选项A.cordialB.compactC.clumsyD.chronic【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项cordial“热
5、情的，真诚的”；B选项compact“体积小的，精制的”；C选项clumsy“笨拙的，不灵活的”；D选项chronic“长期的，慢性的”。句意：婴儿在说话时的每一次（ ）努力都是智力发展的标志。“每一次热情的/体积小的/长期的努力”都没有“笨拙的”更合适，因此C选项正确。5. 单选题This study involves monitoring the sleep（ ）of 100 mentally healthy people aged 45 to 80.问题1选项A.ordersB.rulesC.patternsD.characters【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项orders“顺序
6、；命令”；B选项rules“规则”；C选项patterns“模式”；D选项characters“特征”。句意：这项研究包括监测100名45岁至80岁精神健康的人的睡眠（ ）。根据语境，睡眠和characters“特征”搭配比较合理。因此D选项正确。6. 单选题Were extremely interested in the source of these（ ）rumors.问题1选项A.salientB.fictitiousC.asceticD.indelible【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项salient“显著的；最重要的”；B选项fictitious“虚假的”；C选项asceti
7、c“清苦的，苦行的”；D选项indelible“无法忘记的，不可磨灭的”。句意：我们对这些（ ）谣言从何而来非常感兴趣。既然是rumors“谣言”，很多人会不假思索地相信，就不至于salient“显著的；最重要的”，fictitious“虚假的”比较符合生活实际。因此B选项正确。7. 单选题Into her nineties, her thinking（ ）acute and her character forceful.问题1选项A.remainedB.retainedC.maintainedD.contained【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项remained “保持”；B选项ret
8、ained “保存”；C选项maintained “维护”；D选项contained “包含”。句意：虽已年届九旬，她（ ）头脑敏锐，个性很强。题干的意思是虽然她年纪很大了，但还是保持清晰的头脑，因此A选项正确。8. 单选题The rehabilitation center admits patients who have difficulties to get rid of（ ）drinking.问题1选项A.compulsoryB.compulsiveC.conditionalD.compelling【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项compulsory“强制的，规定的，义务的”；B
9、选项compulsive“难以制止的；难控制的”；C选项conditional“附带条件的；依而定的”；D选项compelling“非常强烈的；不可抗拒的”。句意：这个康复中心接纳那些难以戒酒的病人。结合语境与选项，酒瘾为难以制止的，可知compulsive与其意思对应。因此B选项正确。9. 单选题When you win, your errors are（ ）; when you lose, your errors are magnified.问题1选项A.expandedB.obscuredC.cultivatedD.exaggerated【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项expan
10、ded “扩充的，展开的”；B选项obscured “遮蔽的，湮没的”；C选项cultivated “有教养的；栽培的，培植的”；D选项exaggerated “夸张的，言过其实的”。本句表示“当你胜利时，你的错误会被（ ）；当你失败时，你的错误会被放大。”根据句意可知空格处应填magnified（放大的）的反义词，因此B选项正确。10. 单选题The ability to focus attention on important things is a（ ）characteristic of intelligence.问题1选项A.decliningB.definingC.deceiving
11、D.defending【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项declining“下滑的；衰退的；倾斜的”；B选项defining“最典型的；起决定性作用的”；C选项deceiving“欺骗性的”；D选项defending“防守型的”。句意：把注意力集中在重要事情上的能力是智慧的一个（ ）特征。根据语境，defining“最典型的”和intelligence“智慧”搭配比较合理。因此B选项正确。11. 单选题With a wide variety of fresh fruit（ ）available, canned fruit is no longer so popular as before
12、.问题1选项A.personallyB.readilyC.rarelyD.properly【答案】B【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项personally“亲自地；当面；个别”；B选项readily“容易地；乐意地”；C选项rarely“很少地”；D选项properly“恰当地”。句意：随着各种各样的新鲜水果可（ ）获得，罐头水果不再像以前那样受欢迎。根据语境，因为新鲜水果容易购买，于是水果罐头不那么受欢迎了，readily“容易地”符合题意。因此B选项正确。12. 单选题Do you find yourself checking Facebook as soon as you wake up in
13、 the morning? Even as you read this article, is your right index finger twitching on the mouse, just itching to click on something new? If so, welcome to the 21st century. Without even realizing it, weve signed up for a life in which were all connected, all the time. Whether or not this is a good th
14、ing is the subject of Hamlets Blackberry, a new book by William Powers.Early in the book, Powers describes a scene that should strike many as familiar: He is standing at a crosswalk in the middle of Manhattan, alongside five or eight other peopleall of whom are staring intently at some digital devic
15、e. “Here I was in New York, the most fantastic city in the worldso much to look at, to see and hear, and everybody around me essentially wasnt present,” he says.Powers may question the way we use our gadgets, but he certainly doesnt condemn it. He does, however, recognize the downside of constantly being flooded with new information or
