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1、2022年考博英语-武汉大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 翻译题教育很可能是现在争议最大、争议最多的一个题目。在一个国家未来的经济增长越来越依靠科学和技术的时候，教育在一个国家未来的前途中起着决定性的作用。今天，享受教育的特权已不再限于极少部分人。教育的发展是如此之快，它现在已成为一个大行业。事实上，它是最大的行业，其雇佣的人数和所付的工资比其他任何一个全国性企业的都要多。有一些教育机构包装得非常漂亮，借以提高知名度和吸引学生。在一定意义上讲，教育已经变成一种商品。从事教育的人对商业化这个说法会感到很不舒服，但是，恐怕除了少数例外，很多大学已经陷入了演变成有利可图的大规模制造厂的过
2、程中。培养心智不再吃香；推销可出售的技能成了时髦。这就是教育的悲剧。不用说，某种拯救教育以防其更加衰落的具有想象力的办法和共同努力早就该出台了。竞争性的考试应该由素质教育取代，死记硬背应该让位于创造性和解决实际问题的能力的培养。只有这样，我们才能迎来教育的真正进步。Directions:Translate the following paragraph from Chinese into English. Please write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.【答案】Nowadays education is probably one of the most
3、 controversial and hotly contested topics. When a countrys economic growth in the future depends more and more on science and technology, education plays a decisive role in its future. Today enjoying the privilege of receiving education is not confined to a very small number of people. The developme
4、nt of education is so rapid that it has now become a huge industry. As a matter of fact, it is the biggest industry, which employs more people and pays more wages than any other national enterprise. Some educational organizations are very attractive in packing whereby they can enhance their populari
5、ty and attract students. In a sense, education has become a commodity. Educators may feel uncomfortable with the idea of commercialization. But except for some exceptions, most colleges and universities are already involved in the process of evolving into large-scale profitable manufacturers. Cultiv
6、ating mentality is no longer sought-after; promoting salable skills has become a fashion, which is the tragedy of education. Needless to say, a certain imaginative way to rescue education from its decline and joint efforts should have appeared long ago. Competitive tests should be replaced by qualit
7、y-oriented education; learning by rote should give way to cultivating creativity and ability to solve practical problems. Only in this way can we greet a genuine progress in education.2. 不定项选择题“A HARMLESS drudge.” Of the definitions in Samuel Johnsons great English dictionary of 1755, that of “lexic
8、ographer”, his own calling, is the most famous, an example of the same wit that led him to define “oats” as “a grain, which in England is generally given to horses, but in Scotland supports the people”.Why name a language column after a harmless drudge? Because Johnson, despite the drudgery, knew th
9、at language was not harmless. Its power to inform and to lead astray, to entertain and to annoy, to build co-operation or destroy a reputation, makes language serious stuff, The Economists “Johnson” column began in 1992 and was later revived online. This week it returns to the print edition, and hen
10、ceforth will appear fortnightly.Many of the topics tackled are fun: swearing and slang, preferences and peeves. Some are more fundamental. Language reveals a lot about human nature: how people reason differently in a foreign language, or to what extent different languages encode a world view, are so
11、me of the most exciting and controversial topics in linguistic research.People care intensely about their language, and so language in the wider world sometimes comes into conflict. The perceived arrogance of Castilians to Catalan threatens to sunder Spain; “language police” in Quebec tell restauran
12、t owners to change “pasta” and “grilled cheese” pates and fromae fondant. At the extreme, the passage of a law downgrading Russian in Ukraine helps spark war in that country ; Vladimir Putin has used it as evidence that Ukrainian nationalists are bent on wiping out Russian culture there. The war has
13、 rumbled on since, with language the most obvious symbol of wider identity and sympathy.So the Johnson column treats topics light and heavy as well as language both English and international. A language column is expected to tackle questions of right and wrong. There are roughly two views of how to
14、do this: one top-down, based on authority, prestige, writing and stability; one bottom-up, resting on how most people actually use the language, and open to change.The two schools of thought, known as “prescriptivism”( which sets down how the language should be) and “descriptivism” ( which tells how
15、 it is ) , have often been at daggers drawn: English teachers and some usage-book writers on one side, and academic linguists, lexicographers and other usage-book writers on the other. In the caricature, prescriptivists are authoritarians with their heads in the sand, insisting on Victorian-era non-
16、rules. The descriptivists are mocked as “anything-is-correct, embracing every fad, even that Shakespeare should be taught in text-message-speak.An intellectual writing for an elite audience, Samuel Johnson did not shy away from “right” and “wrong”, even “barbarity”, “depravity” and “corruption”, in matters of language. But he declared his task was not to “form” but to “register” (that is, describe) the language; trying to stop change was like trying to
