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1、定语从句的用法和精练一、定语从句的概念 在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。要区分复合句中的主句和从句，下面每个句子中的黑体字部分都为主句，注意体会。 二、定语从句的关系词 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that, which, who，宾格whom,所有格whose,关系副词包括where, when, why。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。注: 关系代词在句中充当主语、宾语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。 三、定语从句
2、的分类 根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去。非限制性定语从句，主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。 He helped me when I was in trouble, which made me very moved.(非限制性定语从句,which 指代前面整个句子) 四、关系代词的用法 1.（1）that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如: Mary likes music that is quiet
3、and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语) The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作put的宾语) (2) that 作介词的宾语时,介词不能放在它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面, 但可以使用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如: The city that she lives in is very far away. = The city in which she lives is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。 I t is three oclock that
4、he arrived at. = I t is three oclock at which he arrived Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。 2.which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如: The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语) The film (which) we saw last night was
5、 wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(which 作saw的宾语) 3.who, whom用于指人,who 用作主语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who代替whom, 也可省略。例如: 1） The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语) 2）I met a girl yesterday. The girl is my old classmate.The girl whom I met yesterday is my old classmate
6、. (作met 的宾语)4.关系词只能用that的情况: a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,只能用that.例如: He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。 It is one of the most exciting movies that I have watched. b.先行词是all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代词时,只能用that例如: Is there anything that you want to buy
7、in the shop? 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗? I will do all that I can to help you. 我会尽我所能的帮助你。You are the one that I love. 你就是我的所爱。 c.先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等词修饰时,只能用that例如: This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。This is the only book that I can buy. 这是我能借到的唯一一本书。 d. 先行词里同时含有人
8、或物时,只能用that例如: I can remember the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。 e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如: Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁? (其中that 若换成who就显嗦)。5.关系词只能用which,而不用that 的情况: a.先行词为that, those时,用which, 而不用that.例如: Whats that which is under
9、the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么? b.关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.例如: This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。 c.引导非限制性定语从句,用which, 而不用that.例如: Tom came back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。6.whose 的用法，在从句中做定语，表示“谁的”1) The novel belongs to me. The novels cover is broken The novel whose cover is broken
10、blongs to me .2) Henry is a boy. Henrys mother is our English teacher.Henry is the boy whose mother is our English teacher. 3) This is the person .The persons story surprised everybody.This is the person whose story surprised everybody. 翻译： 你想和英语好的学生交朋友吗？_我喜欢发卡是粉红色的那个女孩儿。_ 五、关系副词when, where的用法，它相当于介
11、词 + which (1)when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在从句中作时间状语。例如: This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。分解：a.This was the time . He arrived at the time. This was the time at which he arrived. = This was the time when he arrived.b. I will never forget the day on which I meet you. = I will never forget the day when I
12、meet you.注意当先行词表示时间，只有在从句中作状语才用when引导，作宾语用that/which练习：1. Next month_ you will spend your holidays in your town comes near. 2. I will never forget the three years _ I spend in this school. 3. I t is two oclock _ he arrived. 4. The year _ we held the Olympics is 2008.翻译： 1. 你知道他什么时候回来吗? _2. 我不会忘记和你待在
13、一起的时光。_3. 圣诞节是我们传播欢乐的时刻。_(2)where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在从句中作地点状语。例如: This is the place where he works.这是他工作的地点。 分解：a. This is the place. He works at the place.This is the place at which he works. = This is the place where he works.b. I like the hotel where I lived yesterday. = I like the hotel in which I liv
14、ed yesterday.注意当先行词表示地点，只有在从句中作状语才用where引导，作宾语用that/which练习：1. The farm _ we stayed last week is a lovely place for a holiday.2. The farmers used wood to build a house _vegetables can be stored.3. This is the school _ Mr. Smith once taught.4. I like the school _ I visited yesterday.5. I know the hospital _ Tom talked about.翻译：1.我记得我们初次见面的那个餐馆。2. 他让我想起了我长大的那个乡村。3. 我明天要去参观我妹妹读的那所大学。(3) 当先行词为reason, 在从句中作状语用why引导，作宾语用that /which例如：Do you know the reason why he is late? （作状语，he is late for the reason） This is the reason that / which he tells me. (作t
