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1、.英语专业四级考试高频近义词、词组辨析卧龙雪痕1.abandon, desert, forsake, leave, give up这些动词或词组均含抛弃、放弃之意abandon :强调永远或完全放弃或抛弃人或事物等,这可能是被迫的,也可能是自愿的。eg:1. Jackson has abandoned his old car. 杰克逊把他那辆旧车扔了。 2. She abandoned her husband and children and went off with another man. 她抛弃了自己的丈夫和孩子, 跟另外一个男人跑了。desert :着重指违背法律责任和义务,或自己的
2、信仰与誓言的行为,多含非难的意味。eg: 1. Many soldiers deserted during the battle. 在那次战斗中许多士兵开小差了。 2. Never desert a friend in need. 绝不要抛弃有困难的朋友。forsake :侧重断绝感情上的依恋,自愿抛弃所喜欢的人或物。也指抛弃信仰或改掉恶习。eg: He was forsaken by his friends. 他被朋友们背弃了。leave :普通用词,指舍弃某事或某一职业,或终止同一某人的关系,但不涉及动机与果。eg: I have left my job which made me cra
3、zy. 我已经辞掉了那份让我抓狂的工作了。give up :普通用语,侧重指没有希望或因外界压力而放弃。eg: The doctors gave my uncle up, but he lived. 医生们认为我叔叔的病无法治好,但他却活了下来。2.ability, capacity, capability, genius, talent, competence, faculty, gift, aptitude这些名词均可表示人的能力,才能之意。ability: 普通用词,指人先天的或学来的各种能力。eg: 1. The ability to use a language can be acq
4、uired by the act of using the language. 运用语言的能力只能能通过不断练习才能获得。 2. His ability is limited. 他的能力有限。capacity :侧重指人的潜在能力,通常不指体力,多指才智,尤指接受与领悟能力。eg: 1.Their reasoning capacity must be developed. 他们的推理能力必须加以培养。 2. His capacity of accepting knowledge helps him to be the top student in his class. 他接受知识的能力使得他成
5、为班里的第一名。capability :多用于人,指胜任某项具体工作的能力,也指本身具有、尚未发挥的潜在能力。常与of或for连用。eg: 1. Not by age but by capacity is wisdom acquired. 智慧的获得是依靠才能而不是年龄。 2. The little girl has great capability as a singer and should be trained. 这个小女孩很有当歌手的才能,应该加以训练。genius: 语气最强,指天赋的高度才能与智力。eg: 1. Mozart showed genius even at the ag
6、e of six, when he began to compose minuets. 莫扎特六岁时就开始创作小步舞曲, 展露才华。 2. Einstein was a mathematical genius. 爱因斯坦是数学天才。talent: 着重指人某方面具有可发展和培养的突出天赋才能,但语意比genius弱。eg: 1. He was a man of many talents. 他是一个多才多艺的人。 2. There was a lot of talents in this company. 这个公司有很多人才。competence: 正式用词,侧重指令人满意的业务能力与水平,达到
7、胜任某项工作等的要求。eg: We knew her competence in solving problems. 我们都是知道她解决问题的能力。faculty: 指特殊的才能或智力。eg: An unerring faculty for detecting hypocrisy is one of her most useful attributes. 能无误地看出伪善的能力是她身上最有用的特征之一。gift: 着重个人的天赋的才能或在某方面的显著本领,常暗含不能用一般规律作解释的意味。eg: 1. Her tactfulness is a remarkable gift. 她的机敏是一种非
8、凡的天赋。 2. This diplomat possessed an excellent gift for repartee. 这位外交官具有卓越的应对才能。aptitude: 多指先天或后天习得的运用自如的能力,常暗示接受能力强,能迅速掌握一种学术训练或艺术技巧。eg: That student has an aptitude for mathematics. 那个学生有数学方面的天赋。3.able, capable, competent这些形容词均含有有能力的,能干的之意1 able :最常用词,多用于褒义,着重指多方面的,经常性的,或潜在性的能力。有时也指高超、非凡的能力。eg: 1.
9、 Most children are able to walk before they are able to talk.多数孩子在会说话前就会走路。 2. The patient was soon able to sit up.病人很快就能坐起来了。2capable :语气弱于able,指有能力、有潜力或有条件做某事,常与of连用。eg: 1.He is a manager capable of leadership.他是个富有领导才能的经理。 2.Jim is capable at sports.吉姆擅长运动。3competent :强调具有能胜任某项工作的足够技能或其它所需的条件。eg:
10、 1. He did a competent job.他的工作做得相当出色。 2. He is competent to do it.他能做这件事。4.abolish, cancel, repeal这些动词均含取消、废除之意1abolish :正式用词,指彻底废除某种制度、规章或习俗。eg: 1.The Americans abolished slavery in 1863.美国于1863年废除奴隶制度。 2.Do abolish this kind of bad evil.一定要废除这种恶劣习俗。2cancel :用法广泛,多指取消债务、合同、证书、比赛、旅行、计划或约会等。eg: 1. H
11、e cancelled his order for the goods.他取消了货物订单。 2. We were all disappointed to learn that the picnic had been cancelled.我们得知这次野餐已经取消, 都感到很失望。3repeal:书面用词,指撤销立法机关通过的协议、法案或法律等。eg: The Labour Party repealed the Act.工党废除了那项法令。5.about, around, round1表示在周围,三者常可互换。如:eg:They sat about round, around the fire.他
12、们围火而坐。注:在现代英语中,about 用于这种情况已不多见。2表示到处,三者常可互换。如:eg:He traveled about / round / around the world.他周游了全世界。3用在数字之前表示大约,一般用about 或around。如:eg: 1.It costs about / around ten dollars.它大约要花10 美元。 2.There are about/ around 30 bookstores in the city.这座城里大约有30 家书店。注:在英国英语中,在表示时间的词组里也可用round。eg: 1.He arrived ab
13、out / round / around 5 oclock.他是大约5点钟到的。 2.Ill be back about / round / around lunch time.我午饭前后回来。4表示把某物分给一群人中的每一个时,可用round 或around,而不用about。eg: Will you hand round / around the papers?请你把考卷分发一下,好吗?6.above, on, over这些前置词均含在上之意。1above :一般指位置高于某物,但不一定在正上方,也不接触另一物,其反义词是below。eg: 1.The aeroplane was flyi
14、ng a few feet above the sea.飞机正在距海面几英尺的低空飞行。 2.The chorus was seated above the orchestra.合唱队的座位高于乐队席。2on :指与另一物表面相接触。eg: That book on the desk is an atlas.桌上的那本书是地图册。3over :指一物在另一物的垂直上方,多暗示悬空,但也含覆盖于之上之意。其反义词是under。eg:1.There is a lamp over the table.桌子正上方有一盏灯。 2.The clouds are right over us.这云在我们的头顶上。7.absorb, suck, digest, incorporate这些动词均有吸收之意。1absorb :普通用词,词义广泛,既可指吸收光、热、液体等具体东西,又可指吸收知识等抽象概念的东西。eg: 1.Dry earth absorbs water quickly.干土吸水很快。 2.You should absorb lots of knowledge when you are young.你应该在年轻的时候多吸收知识。2suck :作吸收解时,可与absorb换用,但还可有