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1、2022年考博英语-北京师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Pity those who aspire to put the initials PhD after their names. After 16 years of closely supervised education, prospective doctors of philosophy are left more or less alone to write the equivalent of a large book. Most social-science postgraduates have still
2、not completed their theses by the time their grant runs out after three years. They must then get a job and finish in their spare time, which can often take a further three years. By then, most new doctors are sick to death of the narrowly defined subject which has blighted their holidays and ruined
3、 their evenings.The Economic and Social Research Council, which gives grants to postgraduate social scientists, wants to get better value for money by cutting short this agony. It would like to see faster completion rates: until recently, only about 25% of PhD candidates were finishing within four y
4、ears. The ESRCs response has been to stop PhD grants to all institutions where the proportion taking less than four years is below 10%; in the first year of this policy the national average shot up to 39% . The ESRC feels vindicated in its toughness, and will progressively raise the threshold to 40%
5、 in two years. Unless completion rates improve further, this would exclude 55 out of 73 universities and polytechnics including Oxford University, the London School of Economics and the London Business School.Predictably, howls of protest have come from the universities, who view the blacklisting of
6、 whole institutions as arbitrary and negative. They point out that many of the best students go quickly into jobs where they can apply their research skills, but consequently take longer to finish their theses. Polytechnics with as few as two PhD candidates complain that they are penalized by random
7、 fluctuations in student performance. The colleges say there is no hard evidence to prove that faster completion rates result from greater efficiency rather than lower standards or less ambitious doctoral topics.The ESRC thinks it might not be a bad thing if PhD students were more modest in their ai
8、ms. It would prefer to see more systematic teaching of research skills and fewer unrealistic expectations placed on young men and women who are undertaking their first piece of serious research. So in future its grants will be given only where it is convinced that students are being trained as resea
9、rchers, rather than carrying out purely knowledge-based studies.The ESRC can not dictate the standard of thesis required by external examiners, or force departments to give graduates more teaching time. The most it can do is to try to persuade universities to change their ways. Recalcitrant professo
10、rs should note that students want more research training and a less elaborate style of thesis, too.1.By time new doctors get a job and try to finish their theses in spare time,（）.2.Oxford University would be excluded out of those universities that receive PhD grants from ESRC, because the completion
11、 rate of its PhD students theses within four years is lower than （）.3.All the following statements are the arguments against ESRCs policy EXCEPT（）.4.The ESRC would prefer（）.5.What the ESRC can do is to（）.问题1选项A.most of them died of some sicknessB.their holidays and evenings have been ruined by their
12、 jobsC.most of them are completely tired of the narrowly defined subjectD.most of their grants run out问题2选项A.25%B.40%C.39%D.10%问题3选项A.all the institutions on the blacklist are arbitrary and negativeB.there is no hard evidence to prove that faster completion rates result from greater efficiency rathe
13、r than lower standards or less ambitious doctoral topicsC.many of the best students go quickly into jobs where they can apply their research skills, but consequently take longer to finish their thesesD.some polytechnics are penalized by random fluctuations in student performance问题4选项A.that the stude
14、nts were carrying out purely knowledge-based studies rather than being trained asB.researchersC.to see higher standards of PhD students theses and more ambitious doctoral topicsD.more systematic teaching of research skills to fewer unrealistic expectations placed on inexperienced young PhD studentsE
15、.that PhD students were less modest in their aims问题5选项A.force departments to give graduates more teaching timeB.try to persuade universities to change their waysC.dictate the standard of thesis required by external examinersD.note that students want more research training and less elaborate style of
16、 thesis【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B【解析】第1题:事实细节题。根据第一段的三、四句Most social-science.by the time their grant runs out after three years. They must then get a job and finish in their spare time. ，所以选项D正确。第2题:信息推断题。根据关键词“Oxford University”定位到第二段的最后一句，除非结业率进一步提高，否则这将把73所大学和理工学院中的55所排除在外，包括牛津大学、伦敦政治经济学院和伦敦商学院。根据上文提到的政策实
