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1、2022年考博英语-吉林大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题The people will rebel if they feel that they are excluded （ ）sharing the wealth of the country.问题1选项A.outB.byC.fromD.without【答案】C【解析】考察短语搭配。be excluded from “从 中被排除”是固定搭配。选项C符合题意。句意：如果他们觉得自己被排除在国家财富分享之外，人民就会起来反抗。选项C符合题意。2. 单选题Leaves that fall from trees eventual
2、ly（ ） and turn into soil.问题1选项A.contractB.decayC.fadeD.wither【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。contract“合同，婚约”; decay “腐烂，腐朽”; fade “淡出”； wither “凋谢，衰弱”。句意：树叶终将从树上飘落，腐烂后化作泥土。选项B符合题意。3. 单选题The Indian wars greatly（ ） the dangers of frontier life.问题1选项A.accumulatedB.challengedC.multipliedD.enriched【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。ac
3、cumulate “积聚；堆积”；challenge“挑战”；multiply “繁殖，乘，增加”；enrich “使丰富”。句意：印度战争极大增加了边境生命的危险性。选项C符合题意。4. 单选题（ ）this, everything is order.问题1选项A.ExceptB.BesidesC.Except forD.but【答案】C【解析】考查语法知识。这个题主要考查except 和except for 的用法。二者均表示“除 以外”。Except 后面接的词与主语一般是同类型；except for 后接的词与句子主语不是同类。从题目中可以分析出前后不是同一种类的事物，所以选项C符合题
4、意。5. 单选题The surpassing beauty of his paintings（ ） those of his contemporaries.问题1选项A.besmearedB.belittledC.dwarfedD.bedimmed【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。besmear “弄脏，涂抹”；belittle “轻视”；dwarf “使显得矮小；使相形见绌”；bedim “使 模糊”。句意：他画作的非凡的美丽使他同时代的人的那些画相形见绌。选项C符合题意。6. 单选题Smell is the most direct of all the senses. It is tho
5、ught to be the oldest sense in terms of human evolution, which may explain why smell is hard-wired into the brain. The olfactory nerve, which manages the perception of smells, is essentially an extension of the brain. The olfactory nerve provides a direct link from receptors at the top of the nose t
6、o the portion of the brain that controls memory, emotion, and behavior.The olfactory system detects certain airborne chemicals that enter the nose and then transmits this chemical information to the limbic system in the brain. The olfactory region at the upper end of each nostril is yellow, moist, a
7、nd full of fatty substances. The shade of yellow indicates the strength of the sense of smell: the deeper the shade, the keener and more acute it is. Animals have a very strong sense of smell, so their olfactory regions are dark yellow to reddish brown, while those of humans are light yellow.When an
8、 odorous substance enters the nose, it binds to olfactory receptor cells, the neurons lining the yellow upper portion of the nasal cavity. Olfactory receptor cells contain microscopic hairs called cilia that extend into the layer of mucus coating the inside of the nose. Odor molecules diffuse into t
9、his region and are absorbed by the cilia of the olfactory receptor cells. What this means is that when we hold a rose to our nose and inhale, odor molecules float up into the nasal cavity, where they are absorbed by five million olfactory receptor cells. The receptor cells alert the olfactory nerve,
10、 which sends impulses to the brains olfactory bulb, or smell center. Thus, olfactory information about the rose enters the brains limbic system, where, in most of us, it stimulates a feeling of pleasure.The limbic system of the brain integrates memory, emotion, and behavior. The system is composed o
11、f a group of related nervous system structures that are the functional center of emotions such as anger, fear, pleasure, and sadness. The components of the limbic system are linked to the cerebral cortex, the part of the brain involved in complex learning, reasoning, and personality. The cerebral co
12、rtex makes decisions about the emotional content of these unique human qualities after “consulting” the limbic system and the other brain centers in processing and retrieving memories. It may, in turn, use memories to modify behavior.Scent may be the strongest trigger of memory and emotions. When we
13、 inhale a scent,receptors in the brains limbic center compare the odor entering our nose to odors stored in our memory. Along the way, memories associated with those odors are stimulated. A smell can be overwhelmingly nostalgic because it triggers powerful images and emotions. The waxy fragrance of
14、crayons can instantly transport us to our second-grade classroom, or the scent of freshly mown grass can flood us with the joy of summer freedom. What we see and hear may fade quickly in short-term memory, but what we smell is sent directly to long-term memory.Smells can increase alertness and stimu
15、late learning and retention. In one study, children memorized a word list, which was presented both with and without accompanying scents. The children recalled words on the list more easily and with higher accuracy when the list was given with scents than without, showing the link between smell and the ability to retain information. In another study,researchers examined how various smells can increase alertness and decrease stress. They found that the scent of lavender could wake up the metabolism and make people more alert. They also found that the
