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1、知识店铺 - 睿科知识云注：尊敬的各位读者，本文是笔者教育资料系列文章的一篇，由于时间关系，如有 相关问题，望各位雅正。希望本文能对有需要的朋友有所帮助。如果您需要其它类 型的教育资料，可以关注笔者知识店铺。由于部分内容来源网络，如有部分内容侵权请联系笔者。高考英语阅读理解词义、句义猜测题应试技巧高考阅读理解中，经常出现一定量的生词，并且每年总有二至四题直接考查词义、句义猜测。这充分体现了教学大纲和考试说明的要求，意在考查考生根据上下文推测生词短语含义的能力，突出考查语境的分析和把握能力。猜词能力不仅涉及到学生的语言知识 水平，还涉及到学生的语言应用能力和综合素质水平。在阅读理解中，猜测词义、
2、句义题的特点是对生词、短语、指示代词和句子的猜测。一、常用设问形式：1.The underlined word.refers to(means) _.2.Which of the following words can take the place of the word.?3.What is the meaning of.as the words are used in the text?4.Which of the following has the closest meaning to.(paragraph.)?二、应试技巧(一)词义猜测题1.同义法：通常在词或短语之间有并列连词 and
3、 或 or，这些词或短语在句中作相同的成 分，并且 and 或 or 连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的 ,由此确定同等关系中的某个 生词所属的义域，甚至推知它的大致词义。例(NMET2003,C 篇,65)Fermats Last Theorem(定理). First put forward by the French mathematician PierredeFermat in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finestmathematical minds, including a Fr
4、ench woman scientist who made a major advance in知识店铺 - 睿科知识云知识店铺 - 睿科知识云working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique.65.Which of the following best explains the meaning of the wordbaffleas it is used in the text?A.To encourage peopl
5、e to raise questions.B.To cause difficulty in understanding.C.To providea person with an explanation.D.To limit peoples imagination.解析:由句中不难看出 Fermat 的定理使得最具数学头脑的科学家绞尽脑汁 (beat) ，并且 在句中 beaten 和 baffled 处于同等并列关系，据此推断出 baffle 为使困惑、难倒、难以理 解的意思。故答案为 B。2.反义法：利用反义词说明生词的意义。如反义词 hot and cold, give and recei
6、ve, perfect and imperfect, 甚至前、后句为肯定与否定、或是与不是等，在句内词与词之间，在段内句 与句之间的关系上起着互为线索的作用。例(NMET2002,E 篇,74)A childs birthday party doesnt have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anaclerio, an Evaston mother of two, ages 4 and 18 months.74.What does the under lined word hassleprobably
7、 mean?A.a party designed by specialistsB.a plan requiring careful thoughtC.a situation causing difficulty or troubleD.a demand made by guests解析:由前句的否定 doesnt 与后句的肯定 can be 这一对比关系，可以推断出 ,为了庆祝 孩子的生日,又不至于麻烦 , 可以买一个生日开心包。hassle 的意思应该与 fun 相反, 而与知识店铺 - 睿科知识云知识店铺 - 睿科知识云difficulty, trouble 等相近。故答案为 C。3.释义
8、法：在文中的字里行间，对生词以定语 (从句)、表语甚至用逗号、破折号等标点 符号引出并加以解释说明的方式。例(NMET2001,D 篇,68)In 1066 the Norman sled by William defeated the Saxons and began their rule overEngland. For about a century, French became the official language. England while OldEnglish became the language of peasants. As a result, English wor
9、ds of politics and thelaw come from French rather than German. In some cases, modern English even shows a distinction(区别)between upper-class French and lower-class Anglo-Saxon in its words.We even have different words for some foods, meat in particular, depending on whether itis still out in the fie
10、lds or at home ready to be cooked, which shows the fact that the Saxonpeasants were doing the farming, while the upper-class Normans were doing most of the eating.68.Which of the following groups of words are,by inference, rooted in French?A.president, lawyer, beefB.president,bread,waterC.bread,fiel
11、d,waterD.folk,field,cow解析：由 English words of politics and the law come from French rather than German. 可知英语的政治和法律词汇多来源于法语，所以 president, lawyer 来源于法语。由 meat, athome ready to be cooked, shows the fact that the upper-class Normans were doing most of the eating.可知英语涉及食品的词汇具有一种特殊的区分：是在农田中放牧饲养的，还是在家庭里屠宰烹饪
12、后端上餐桌的。例如：猪、牛、羊、鹿在放牧饲养时用本族语称为 swine,ox,sheep,deer ；但在屠宰烹饪后就用法语称呼为 pork,beef,mutton,venison 。所以 beef 来源于法语。故答案为 A。4.情景推断法：猜测任何词义都离不开文章的语言情景，词义可以从上下文的具体语言知识店铺 - 睿科知识云知识店铺 - 睿科知识云环境中推断出来。例(NMET2002,B 篇,62)Organic produce is always better,Gold said.The food is free of pesticides( 农药),andyou are generall
13、y supporting family farms instead of large farms. And more often than not it is locally( 本地)grown and seasonal, so it is more tasty.Gold is one of a growing numberof shoppers buying into the organic trend, and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food
14、business.62.What is the meaning ofthe organic trendas the words are used in the text?A.growing interest in organic foodB.better quality of organic foodC.rising market for organic foodD.higher prices of organic food解析：由 Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying. 可以推断出，越来越 多的顾客像 Gold 一样开始购买有机
15、食物，其实也就是对这类食物产生了越来越浓厚的兴趣。 故答案为 A。5.代词替代法：一般来讲，代词所指代的内容多在这一句话的前后句中。找到指代的内容后把它放在那个代词的位置上，看一看这句话是否合理，与前后的内容是否一致，然后再 最后判定它是否为正确答案。例(NMET2001,C 篇,66)Only a few years ago, it was impossible to find green products in super markets, but now there are hundreds. Some supermarket products carry labels( 标签)to show that the product is green. Some companies have made the manufacturing( 生产)of clean and safe products their main selling point and emphasize it
